Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María Balarin is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) in Peru. Her research explores the political economy of education reform and educational justice in the Global South, with a particular focus on gender dynamics and socioeconomic exclusion. She has examined how state weakness shapes education reforms, the processes of […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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JournalJournal of New Approaches in Educational Research
Design, Validation, and Application of a Questionnaire on Media Education for Teachers in Training
2019 Julio-César Mateus, Wilson Hernández
This article details the process of design, validation and application (N = 501) of an ad-hoc questionnaire that measures Peruvian teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and reasoning in training on media education. With regards to the method, several psychometric validation techniques were applied and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed a high level […]
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JournalSSM Population Health
Exploring the association between segregation and physical intimate partner violence in Lima, Peru: the mediating role of gender norms and social capital
2019 Martín Benavides, Juan Leon, Manuel Etesse, Lucía Espezúa, Jimena Stuart
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been globally recognized as a major public health problem. A growing body of evidence has identified a significant relationship between living in a neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage and experiencing IPV. Considering the increasing rates of poverty and segregation registered in Latin American cities, research on the effects of segregation on […]
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Más allá de los nini. Los jóvenes urbano-vulnerables en el Perú
2018 Lorena Alcazar, Maria Balarin, Cristina Glave, María Fernanda Rodríguez
In recent decades, the term nini —referring to young people who neither study nor work— has become part of academic discussions and debates on what policies should be implemented to address the needs of young people who are vulnerable to social exclusion. However, in a context such as the Peruvian one, in which informality reaches […]
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JournalAmerican Journal of Political Science
Urbanization Patterns, Information Diffusion, and Female Voting in Rural Paraguay
2019 Alberto Chong, Gianmarco León, Vivian Roza, Martin Valdivia, Gabriela Vega
Researchers use a field experiment to evaluate the impact of two informational get-out-the-vote campaigns to boost female electoral participation in rural areas of Paraguay. They find that public rallies had a small and insignificant effect either on registration or voter turnout in the 2013 presidential elections. Households that received door-to-door canvassing treatment were 4.6 percentage points more likely […]
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Social Interactions and Female Voting in Rural Paraguay: The Role of Urbanization Patterns on the Effectiveness of GOVT Campaigns
2018 Alberto E. Chong, Gianmarco León, Vivian Roza, Martin Valdivia, Gabriela Vega
Los autores utilizan un experimento de campo para evaluar el impacto de dos campañas informativas “sacar el voto” (get-out-the-vote) para impulsar la participación electoral femenina en Paraguay. Encuentran que las campañas públicas no tuvieron ningún efecto ni en la probabilidad de registro ni en la participación de los votantes en las elecciones presidenciales de 2013. […]
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Quienes ganan y quienes pierden con una reforma estructural: cambios en la dispersión de ingresos según educación, experiencia y género en el Perú urbano
1997
Este trabajo apunta a determinar cuáles fueron los grupos perjudicados y cuáles los favorecidos por el ajuste estructural en términos de la evolución de los ingresos reales y los ingresos relativos.
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Projects
News
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What should a firm do to advance in gender equity? Hugo Ñopo shares his thoughts
July 20, 2017 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“It is wrong to say that gender equity only benefits women. It benefits the whole economy, due for a country means greater productivity and labor placement, which can increase the growth of GDP by two points” , said our senior researcher, Hugo Ñopo, based on the results of a ranking on gender equity in Peruvian […]
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Carolina Trivelli recommends GRADE’s 35th Anniversary research reviews
July 17, 2017 Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Rural development and agriculture, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
Carolina Trivelli recommends our 35th Anniversary book, “Investigación para el desarrollo en el Perú (Research for Development in Peru)“. In her op-ed published in Perú 21, two research reviews stand out: “Sanchez and Rodriguez discuss the impacts of Juntos, answering several of the demands that demand for more evaluation, and they make clear for what this intervention serves and where there are […]
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María Balarin: Why is the presence of women so relevant in the production of knowledge?
July 13, 2017 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Why is so relevant the presence of women in the production of knowledge? Due to a lost of talent issue and also because the perspectives are different. Having more women involves different approaches of the same problem, but also allows the identification of new problems. This topic was discussed by María Balarín, senior researcher at GRADE and member of […]
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GRADE among the most influential social policy think tanks worldwide, according to University of Pennsylvania
January 30, 2017 Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Rural development and agriculture, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
For the seventh consecutive year, GRADE has been distinguished among the Top Social Policy Think Tanks in the world —25th place—, according to 2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report. This study, conducted by the Think Tanks and Civil Society Program at the University of Pennsylvania, classified 6846 organizations around the world in global […]
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Our biased perceptions, by Hugo Ñopo
December 5, 2016 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“How many women do you think are in CADE 2016? Please give me a percentage”, asked Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher at GRADE, to several attendants. In his article, Ñopo discusses the findings of a small social experiment on female participation at the event.
Events
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Magrith Mena participa en el Encuentro Nacional para la Educación de las Niñas y Adolescentes de Áreas Rurales
11/05/2016 2:30 pm - 4:00 pm Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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Hugo Ñopo expondrá los índices de equidad de género en Perú, en conferencia de la Universidad ESAN
22/04/2016 8:00 am - 12:45 pm Swisshotel (Av. Santo Toribio 173, San Isidro) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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GRADE celebra sus 35 años de vida institucional con la conferencia Avances recientes en la investigación y políticas para el desarrollo
25/11/2015 → 26/11/2015 3:30pm - 7:00 pm Auditorio de GRADE (Av. Almirante Grau 915, Barranco) Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Rural development and agriculture, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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Martín Valdivia participará en el Foro Inter-Americano de la Microempresa – Foromic 2015, en Chile
27/10/2015 9:00 am - 9:00 pm Santiago, Chile Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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Martín Valdivia participará en la conferencia anual y reunión general de PEP en Nairobi
29/04/2015 → 08/05/2015 Safari Park Hotel Off The Thika Super Highway Thika Road, Nairobi, Kenya Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities






