Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María Balarin is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) in Peru. Her research explores the political economy of education reform and educational justice in the Global South, with a particular focus on gender dynamics and socioeconomic exclusion. She has examined how state weakness shapes education reforms, the processes of […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Vanessa Rojas Arangoitia
PhD en - Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
Vanessa holds a PhD in Sociology from Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. She has a degree in Anthropology and a Master’s degree in Political Science from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Her work has focused on the anthropology of education and childhood, addressing issues of educational transitions, child welfare, educational quality and power relations. During 2012, she […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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Edutainment, savings, and generational differences in rural areas of Peru
2023 Alberto Chong, Martin Valdivia
We wrote, produced, and implemented a randomized five-episode soap opera on financial inclusion targeted to women from poor, rural areas ravaged by terrorism in Peru. We go beyond measuring attitudes and perceptions but observe actual savings accounts using bank data. Older women, those who directly suffered from terrorist violence, respond very well and save more […]
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Pantallazo a la violencia de género: redes sociales y ciber violencia en relaciones sexo-afectivas entre adolescentes
2023 Katherine Sarmiento
Este estudio busca explicar el rol de las redes sociales en la ciberviolencia de género en relaciones sexo-afectivas entre adolescentes de una institución educativa en San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima). Se realiza un estudio de caso cualitativo, utilizando un cuestionario descriptivo, grupos de discusión y entrevistas con estudiantes de cuarto de secundaria. El estudio concluye […]
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Soap operas and pro-savings attitudes in poor rural areas of Peru.
2023 Alberto Chong, Martin Valdivia
We wrote, produced, and implemented a randomized intervention of a five-episode soap opera focusing on attitudes related to trust and savings. It was shown to females living in poor and violence-scarred rural areas and who received the national conditional cash transfer. We find that one year after the intervention treated females significantly improve their attitudes […]
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Edutainment, savings and dwelling-related assets in poor rural areas of Peru
Alberto Chong, Martin Valdivia
We exploit a field experiment by Chong and Valdivia (2023) and test whether por women from rural areas in developing countries that are able to save seek dwellingrelated assets and find causal evidence that this is indeed the case. Furthermore, we also find that the older cohort of women, those aged forty and higher, also […]
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Barreras para la integración laboral de migrantes venezolanos en el Perú: identificación y análisis de opciones de política
2023 Lorena Alcazar, Fernando Távara
The Venezuelan migrant population presents higher levels of unemployment and labour precariousness (e.g. labour informality, lower income) than their national peers. Available literature and interviews with experts suggest that there are multiple factors or barriers at the root of this problem, which can be classified into the following groups: migration regularisation, legal, social and labour […]
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The Educational Gender Gap in Latin America and the Caribbean
2008, ,
The paper analyzes the evolution of gender differences in school attendance and attainment in Latin America and the Caribbean, for both adults who left the educational system and children in school. For individuals 21 years old and above the paper uses a cohort analysis of school attainment. The results indicate that the schooling gap has […]
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Stated Social Behavior and Revealed Actions: Evidence from Six Latin American Countries Using Representative Samples
2008,
The paper explores the link between what people say they prefer to do and what they actually do. Using data from an experimental project exploring trust and pro-sociality for representative samples of individuals in six Latin American capital cities, the paper links the results of these experiments with the responses obtained from representative surveys to […]
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Stated Social Behavior and Revealed Actions: Evidence from 6 Latin American Countries Using Representative Samples
2008,
The paper explores the link between what people say they prefer to do and what they actually do. Using data from an experimental project exploring trust and pro-sociality for representative samples of individuals in six Latin American capital cities, the paper links the results of these experiments with the responses obtained from representative surveys to […]
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Etnicidad y acumulación de capital humano en México Urbano
2008,
Se analiza la movilidad social y la acumulación de capital humano entre minorías étnicas en zonas urbanas de México, se exploran los cambios en el logro académico y la situación en el mercado laboral y se emplean datos de panel provenientes de la Encuesta sobre la Vida de la Familia Mexicana (MFxLS). Los resultados apuntan […]
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Ethnicity and Human Capital Accumulation in Urban Mexico
2008,
The study analyzes social mobility and human capital accumulation among ethnic minorities in Mexican urban areas, exploring changes in educational attainment and labor market status and using panel data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (MFxLS). The results indicate important ethnic differences in human capital accumulation patterns, especially in education, where non-indigenous individuals seem to […]
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Projects
News
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Op-ed by journalist Daniela Meneses highlights findings from three studies of the book Violence against Women
January 8, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“The risks of domestic violence are greater when lower levels of education for the couple and higher educational achievements for wives than for husbands come together”. La op-ed by the journalist Daniela Meneses for the Peruvian newspaper El Comercio highlights the findings of three studies of the book “Violence Against Women: the need for a double plural”, edited by our […]
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The police reaction to violence against women, by Wilson Hernández
January 7, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“It is difficult to accept it. The police are not prepared to handle the abundant number of reports of violence against women. What to do?” Read the latest op-ed by Wilson Hernández, Adjunct Researcher at GRADE, for RPP Noticias.
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A high number of femicides in Peru: Interview with Wilson Hernández on Radio Programas del Perú
December 28, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“It is not good enough to know the norms, but if I am going to assign a policeman, a judge or a prosecutor to address the case of a woman who suffered violence, this cannot be sexist or have stereotypes”. A few days before the end of 2019, Wilson Hernández, Associated Researcher at GRADE, was interviewed in a radio program […]
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Why is it difficult to interview young fathers about fatherhood, and why is it important that we keep trying?, by Francis Bravo
August 15, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
How can we include more male voices in the discussion about fatherhood and its challenges? Francis Bravo, Assistant Researcher at GRADE, shares his experience in two qualitative studies with a group of young people from the sample of the Young Lives Study in Peru. Read the full article, originally published in Niños del Milenio and in […]
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Who are the adolescents today in Peru? How they live? What dreams, what plans, what projects do they have for their future? How should we attend and educate this age range? These are questions addressed by Verónica Villaran, Adjunct Researcher at GRADE, from the voices of youth from different regions of the country. Read some of the stories she gathered […]
Events
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Young Lives Peru organizes the virtual dialogue “Violence: another pandemic that threatens girls and adolescents”
29/09/2020 6:00 pm Evento virtual Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
On September 29, the longitudinal study Young Lives Peru will organize the virtual dialogue Violence: another pandemic that threatens girls and adolescents. PANELISTS Vanessa Rojas, coordinator of the qualitative component for Young Lives Peru. Matilde Cobeña, adjunct for childhood and adolescence at the Ombudsman’s Office of Peru. MODERADOR Santiago Cueto, country director of Young Lives Peru and executive director at GRADE. […]
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Lorena Alcázar will be a panelist at CIES-UNDP Peru dialogue on youth action against the pandemic
29/09/2020 4:00 pm Evento virtual Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Youth has been one of the hardest hit not only by the direct impact of COVID-19 on the lives of young people, their families or their communities, but also by a reduction of spaces, funding and opportunities to play an active role in the response and recovery process. To discuss this issue, the Consortium for […]
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Hugo Ñopo will be a speaker at UNDP Peru and MIMP “COVID Scenarios: Women in the workplace, an unequal relationship”
10/07/2020 9:00 am Evento virtual Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher of GRADE, will be a speaker at the dialogue “COVID Scenarios: Women in the workplace, an unequal relationship”, organized by UNDP Peru and the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations of Peru. Comments by Carolina Trivelli, principal investigator of the Institute of Peruvian Studies, and Diana Gutiérrez, manager of the UNDP Global […]
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Wilson Hernández will join a McGill WED Lab panel on Covid-19 and gender-based violence in the Global South
02/07/2020 9:00 am (Perú) Online event Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
COVID-19 has become an unprecedented global crisis. The pandemic and its associated economic crisis have exposed deep structural inequalities around the world, with disproportionate effects on women and girls. This webinar will discuss current issues around COVID-19 and gender based violence for women in the Global South. A diverse panel of experts from the worlds […]
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Lorena Alcazar was a panelist at Gender Matters: COVID-19 and the labour market in the Global South Webinar
28/05/2020 10:00 am - 11:00 am Evento online Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
As with other pandemics in recent history, women are particularly vulnerable. COVID-19 has further aggravated structural inequalities that systematically disadvantage women, specifically in the economic system. Economically, women are disproportionately impacted by the financial effects of the pandemic as the majority work in low-paid or informal jobs with few social protections. Around the globe, 740 […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities






