Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María Balarin is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) in Peru. Her research explores the political economy of education reform and educational justice in the Global South, with a particular focus on gender dynamics and socioeconomic exclusion. She has examined how state weakness shapes education reforms, the processes of […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Vanessa Rojas Arangoitia
PhD en - Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
Vanessa holds a PhD in Sociology from Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. She has a degree in Anthropology and a Master’s degree in Political Science from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Her work has focused on the anthropology of education and childhood, addressing issues of educational transitions, child welfare, educational quality and power relations. During 2012, she […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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Una mirada crítica a las políticas públicas en materia de violencia de género contra las mujeres
El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar2022 Wilson Hernández
This essay critically analyzes public policies focused on intimate partner and intimate partner violence against women. The central argument is that the policies have privileged a top-down approach and in doing so have homogenized the target groups, relied on general statistics to describe them, and neglected the subnational context in charge of implementing such policies.
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Trayectorias educativas a lo largo del ciclo de vida: El rol de la pobreza, el área de residencia y las brechas de género
El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar2022 Alan Sanchez
The paper documents the evolution of educational gaps throughout the life cycle, analyzes the links between poverty and gender gaps, and attempts to identify the factors that mediate this relationship in order to propose policy recommendations for children, adolescents and youth.
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El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar
2022 Maria Balarin, Santiago Cueto, Ricardo Fort
The essays that make up this book have been written to commemorate the first 40 years of GRADE’s institutional life, which coincides not only with the Bicentennial of Peru’s Independence, but also with the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and its profound economic, social and political consequences. From different conceptual and methodological perspectives, […]
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El impacto de la pandemia por la COVID-19 sobre la violencia familiar: diferenciando víctimas, tipos de violencia y niveles de riesgo en el Perú
2022 Wilson Hernández, Angelo Cozzubo, José Carlos Aguilar, Denise Ledgard, Jorge Aguero
Las medidas para mitigar los contagios por COVID-19 generaron condiciones para una mayor violencia familiar (confinamiento forzado, restricciones de movilidad, estrés económico, etc.). Tal fue el caso del Perú. Esta investigación evalúa el impacto de estas condiciones sobre la violencia familiar en el Perú durante las primeras 14 semanas de cuarenta. Empleamos los registros administrativos […]
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JournalEconomic Development and Cultural Change
(Un)Conditional love in the time of conditional cash transfers: the effect of the Peruvian JUNTOS program on spousal abuse
2022 Juan Jose Diaz, Víctor Saldarriaga
Cash transfer programs often target women as the recipient of the money. Unintentionally, this flow of unearned income may reduce spousal abuse. We investigate this possibility by assessing the Peruvian JUNTOS program. We exploit the staggered timing in the rollout of the program across municipalities along with its eligibility rule for determining participation to perform […]
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Etnicidad, antecedentes linguisticos y la salud materno infantil en el Perú
2007Martin Valdivia,
El papel de los antecedentes lingüísticos y la etnicidad como determinantes de las desigualdades en salud materno infantil en el Perú, gracias a los datos sobre la lengua materna de los ancestros de la mujer entrevistada incluidos en la ronda 2005 de la ENDES.
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An Extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition to a Continuum of Comparison Groups
2007,
El artículo propone una extensión de la descomposición Blinder-Oaxaca de dos a un continuo de grupos en comparación. La descomposición propuesta es luego estimada para el caso de las diferencias raciales en los salarios en el Perú urbano, explotando una base de datos novedosa que permite capturar mestizajes.
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The Gender Wage Gap in Chile 1992-2003 from a Matching Comparisons Perspective
2007,
The paper analyzes the evolution of the gender wage gap in Chile during the period 1992 to 2003 using the decomposition approach developed in Ñopo (2004). This approach, which decomposes the wage gap into four additive elements, stresses the need for comparisons inside the common support for the distributions of observable characteristics of individuals. Also, […]
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Entrenamiento ocupacional para reducir la segregación de género: El impacto de Projoven
2007,
El trabajo trata la evaluación de ProJoven, el programa de capacitación para el trabajo de jóvenes en de Perú y muestra las diferencias considerables que hay en sus efectos entre hombres y mujeres. Dieciocho meses después de haber participado en el programa, el empleo entre las mujeres mejoró aproximadamente en 15% (en el caso de […]
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Discrimination in Latin America: An Elephant in the Room?
2007,
Este trabajo investiga la evidencia de discriminación en América Latina y muestra que hay una percepción generalizada de discriminación, especialmente en contra del pobre, el no instruído y aquellos que carecen de conecciones. Los canales a través de los cuales la discriminación ocurre se construyen en base a factores económicos. Sin embargo, mientras las encuestas […]
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Projects
News
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Preliminary findings of Young Marriage and Parenthood Study (YMAPS) in Peru
February 6, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Vanessa Rojas, Adjunct Researcher at GRADE and Coordinator of the Qualitative Component of Young Lives in Peru, shared in Radio Nacional the preliminary findings of the Young Marriage and Parenthood (YMAPS) qualitative studies, show the perceptions of young women and men about their experiences in cohabitation, pregnancy, maternity/paternity to an early age. Qualitative evidence of […]
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Bangkok: Members of GRADE joined the Think Tank Initiative 2018 as panelists and workshop participants
November 26, 2018 Urbanization and sustainable cities, Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Rural development and agriculture, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
After almost a decade of organizational support, the Think Tank Initiative brought together representatives of think tanks, policymakers, donors and other research-to-policy actors for a final Think Tank Initiative Exchange to mark the last year of the program. This Exchange built on a decade of TTI lessons, experiences and insights on the challenges of building […]
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Is the solution at home?, by Hugo Ñopo
September 25, 2018 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“The excess of female responsibilities in homes has huge impacts on the lower possibility of professional development for women”, says Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher at GRADE, in an article published in G de Gestión gathering proposals to set game rules that promote gender equity in the business community.
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Hugo Ñopo’s findings on gender disparities in Peru are highlighted in Gestión
August 31, 2018 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
A recent research study conducted by Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher at GRADE, reveals that at the time of the birth of the first son or daughter, women’s wages fall close to 10% and over time they do not recover. This and other findings on gender disparities in Peru are highlighted in the newspaper Gestión.
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Hugo Ñopo opinó sobre la cuota de género para conformar listas al Congreso de la República
August 17, 2018 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
Events
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Lorena Alcazar shared Grupo Sofía’s work at the Women Deliver 2019 Global Conference
03/06/2019 → 06/06/2019 Vancouver, Canadá Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
As part of the International Development Research Center (IDRC) booth at the Women Deliver 2019 Global Conference, Lorena Alcázar, Senior Researcher at GRADE, and Margarita de Sanfeliú, director of Fusades Research and Statistics Center, discussed the work of Grupo Sofía to help women break the glass ceiling in social sciences in Peru.
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ON LIVE: Upcoming seminar: The challenges of ethnic self-identification: reflections after the census
30/05/2019 8:30 am - 6:30 pm Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
First part (from 9:15 to 11:00) Second part (from 11:25 to 13:00) Third part (from 14:45 to 18:10) Activists, researchers, professors, representatives of the government, and afrodescendant and indigenous organizations will discuss and generate recommendations to improve the gathering of census information with an ethnic ratial approach. The 2017 Population and Housing Census incorporated the variable of ethnic […]
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Brazil: Vanessa Rojas was a panelist at a conference on the international policy of children protection
20/05/2019 → 22/05/2019 9:30 am - 1:30 pm Hotel Everest (Rua Prudente de Morais, 1117, Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our adjunct researcher and coordinator of the qualitative component of Young Lives Peru, Vanessa Rojas, was a panelist at the In whose “best interest”? Childhoods, children and the international policy of protection international conference. The event took place from May 20 to 22 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During the seminar, international experts shared their thoughts […]
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Juan José Díaz and Juan León shared the results of the 2nd Experimental Impact Measurement of Sinfonía por el Perú
23/11/2018 Swisshotel (Centro Empresarial Real, Av. Sto. Toribio 173, San Isidro 15073) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes
The results of the II Experimental Impact Measurement of Sinfonía por Peru (A Symphony for Peru) were presented by Juan José Díaz and Juan Leon, senior researchers at GRADE, with the support of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Sinfonía por el Perú is a social and musical education program founded by the lyric singer Juan […]
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Hugo Ñopo will discuss the characteristics and sources of gender gaps in labour markets in Peru, at PUCP
24/08/2018 2:30 pm - 4:00 pm Campus PUCP - Auditorio Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Hugo Ñopo will discuss the main characteristics of gender gaps in labor markets in Peru, as part of the Friday on Economics event series, held by the School of Economics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Our senior researcher will address the sources of these disparities, with a special focus on stereotypes, education and the […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities






