Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María Balarin is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) in Peru. Her research explores the political economy of education reform and educational justice in the Global South, with a particular focus on gender dynamics and socioeconomic exclusion. She has examined how state weakness shapes education reforms, the processes of […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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Experiencias de convivencia, matrimonio y maternidad/paternidad en adolescentes y jóvenes peruanos
2019 Vanessa Rojas, Bravo, Francis
Cohabitation before the age of 18 and during the first years of transition to adulthood in Peru is a reality that mainly affects women. Data from Young Lives indicate that, by the age of 19, 30 % of women were already cohabiting, while only 7 % of men were. The sub-study on which this policy […]
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Experiencias de convivencia, matrimonio y maternidad/paternidad en adolescentes y jóvenes peruanos
2019 Vanessa Rojas,
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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Criminal Legalities in the Global South. Cultural Dynamics, Political Tensions, and Institutional Practices
Criminal Legalities in the Global South: Cultural dynamics, political tensions and institutional practices2019 Wilson Hernández
In Peru, corruption is widespread. Under the intention of addressing the problem of corruption, the justice system reacted by creating a specialized sub judicial system, which accompanied the introduction of a new Criminal Procedure Code that allowed less bureaucratic oral criminal proceedings. While these changes promised justice and efficiency, in this chapter it is argued […]
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JournalJournal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community
History matters, but differently: Persisting and perpetuating effects on the likelihood of intimate partner violence
2019 Wilson Hernández, Rosa Luz Durán
Ecological models of violence center on systems (micro, meso, and macro) surrounding personal history of violence, but few studies properly assess the effects of personal history on the likelihood of victimization. Using the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (N=74,204), the authors examine the effect personal history of violence has on the likelihood of recent intimate […]
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Medición de la prevalencia de la violencia física y psicológica hacia niñas, niños y adolescentes, y sus factores asociados en el Perú. Evidencia de Niños del Milenio
2019 Alan Sanchez, Alessandra Hidalgo
The prevalence of violence —in particular against children and adolescents— is one of the great pending challenges in Peru. This paper uses data from the Young Lives longitudinal study with two objectives: first, to document the prevalence of experiences of physical and psychological violence suffered by children and adolescents; and second, to analyze the life cycle factors […]
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La brecha salarial entre los sexos en Chile en 1992-2003 desde una perspectiva de comparaciones emparejadas
2006,
En el documento de trabajo se analiza la evolución de la brecha salarial entre los sexos en Chile durante el período de 1992 a 2003, empleándose el enfoque de descomposición desarrollado en Ñopo (2004). Este enfoque, en el que se descompone la brecha salarial en cuatro elementos aditivos, se hace hincapié en la necesidad de […]
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Gender and racial discrimination in hiring: a pseudo audit study for three selected occupations in Metropolitan Lima
2004, Maximo Torero,
We analyze gender and racial diferences in hiring for a particular segment of the market of three selected occupations in Metropolitan Lima: salespersons, secretaries and (accounting and administrative) assistants.
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Ethnicity and earnings in urban Peru
2004, Maximo Torero,
The relationship between ethnic exclusion and earnings in Urban Peru. Our approach to the concept of ethnicity involves the usage of instruments in many of its several dimensions: mother tongue, parental background, religion, migration events and race.
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Gender and Racial Discrimination in Hiring: A Pseudo Audit Study for Three Selected Occupations in Metropolitan Lima
2004, Maximo Torero,
In the paper, the authors adapt the audit studies methodology to analyze gender and racial differences in hiring for a particular segment of the market of three selected occupations in Metropolitan Lima: salespersons, secretaries and (accounting and administrative) assistants. The adapted pseudo-audit study methodology allows them to reduce the room for existence of statistical discrimination. […]
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Ethnicity and Earnings in Urban Peru
2004, Maximo Torero,
In this paper the authors study the relationship between ethnic exclusion and earnings in Urban Peru. The authors approach to the concept of ethnicity involves the usage of instruments in many of its several dimensions: mother tongue, parental background, religion, migration events and race. In order to approximate what can be called racial differences in a […]
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Projects
News
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María Balarín on the presence and impact of women in science in Peru
April 18, 2018 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
María Balarin, senior researcher at GRADE, Carmen Velezmoro, vice-rector of research at the National Agrarian University La Molina, and Gisella Orjeda, former president of the National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation, discuss the situation of women in science in the Peru and share with the initiative Women Transforming their experience: What macho expressions and attitudes […]
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International Women Day: Only 14 in 249 firms have a woman as a CEO
March 8, 2018 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
According to data gathered by Hugo Ñopo, only 14 in 249 firms listed on the Bolsa de Valores de Lima (Lima Stock Exchange) have a woman as a CEO. However, our senior researcher says in El Comercio: “Although initiatives to change policies assumed by firms are needed, household chores are also important. Typically, of 30 hours of household tasks, women […]
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GRADE among the most influential social policy think tanks worldwide, according to University of Pennsylvania
January 30, 2018 Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Rural development and agriculture, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
For the eighth consecutive year, GRADE has been distinguished among the Top Social Policy Think Tanks in the world —29th place—, according to 2017 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report. This study, conducted by the Think Tanks and Civil Society Program at the University of Pennsylvania, classified 7815 organizations around the world in global and regional lists and by […]
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Hugo Ñopo: “Gender equity is not a ‘women issue'”
October 16, 2017 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“It is often wrong to talk about gender as a ‘women issue’. First because equity is a moral issue, and second, for economic reasons. Productivity of the country is going to improve only to the extent that we use the full potential of our human capital”. Read El Comercio‘s interview to our senior researcher, Hugo Ñopo, on gender equity in […]
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Hugo Ñopo on gender equity in Peru. A Channel N interview
September 30, 2017 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“In order for an average Peruvian household to be able to function normally, it requires some 30-32 hours of unpaid domestic work, of whic 24 are female. With these great disparities within households, men and women go to work and to study; they are in other markets with very important differences of opportunity”. Watch the interview with Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher […]
Events
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GRADE’s researchers are speakers and panelists at CIES XXVII Research Annual Seminar 2016
23/11/2016 → 24/11/2016 Hotel Meliá (Av. Salaverry 2599, San Isidro) Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
Several of our researchers are speakers and panelists at the CIES XXVII Research Annual Seminar 2016, hold by Economic and Social Research Consortium (CIES), from 22 to 24, November. The meeting brings together researchers from the economic, social and environment sciences, government officials, entrepreneurs, international cooperation and civic society agents around fourteen academic events: thematic research tables and […]
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Lorena Alcázar and Eduardo Zegarra will share findings from empirical studies on gender and public policies in Peru
11/10/2016 9:00 am - 11:00 am Auditorio de GRADE (Av. Almirante Grau 915, Barranco) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
The Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) will discuss the findings of two empirical studies on social policy and gender. The first, “The impacts of Juntos program in empowerment indicators of rural women”, was led by Lorena Alcázar. The second, “Evaluation of a women training program in Cañete”, was undertook by Eduardo Zegarra. Both studies were carried out for […]
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International Seminar – Towards 2017 census. Challenges of self identification
21/09/2016 → 22/09/2016 9:00 am - 5:00 pm Meliá Lima Hotel (Av. Salaverry 2599, San Isidro) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
The Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE), the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) and the National Institute of Statistics and Information (INEI) in Peru are jointly organizing the International Seminar – Towards 2017 census. Challenges of self identification, which will be held on September 21st to 22nd, 2016. The event aims to produce knowledge about statistical visibility in […]
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Néstor Valdivia will speak on Afro Peruvians and the ethnic variable inclusion in national censuses
15/06/2016 6:30 pm Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (Arnaldo Márquez 2277, Jesús María) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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Hugo Ñopo es expositor en congreso internacional y foro de gestión de diversidad en el empleo público, en Colombia
02/06/2016 → 03/06/2016 8:00 am - 5:00 pm Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities






