Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María Balarin is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) in Peru. Her research explores the political economy of education reform and educational justice in the Global South, with a particular focus on gender dynamics and socioeconomic exclusion. She has examined how state weakness shapes education reforms, the processes of […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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Transversalización del enfoque de género en organizaciones y proyectos sociales: Definiciones y orientaciones básicas
2020 Guadalupe Pérez Recalde
This document is aimed especially at representatives of civil society organizations involved in the design and implementation of social projects in Peru. Its objectives are: Provide access to definitions and guidelines on the gender approach and its mainstreaming in social projects and organizations. To present fundamentals and tools for gender mainstreaming in the development of […]
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The coronavirus pandemic and its challenges to women’s work in Latin America
2020 Diana Gutiérrez, Guillermina Martin, Hugo Ñopo
The coronavirus pandemic has spread throughout the world and Latin America has not been exempt from its health, economic and social impacts. The economic shutdown, as a result of a combination of stringent measures (self-quarantines, mandatory lockdowns, limited capacity in shops, factories and offices, border closures, etc.), is having a profound economic and social impact. […]
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Entendiendo la paradoja de la maternidad adolescente en Lima Metropolitana: Un análisis de los efectos de vecindario en el 2013
2020 Selene Cueva
During the last 35 years, teenage childbearing rate in Metropolitan Lima has not decreased, despite the fact that the capital city has greater access to public services and better economic opportunities than other regions of Peru. In this paper, this apparent paradox is analyzed based on an exploratory analysis of neighborhood effects for 2013. Specifically, through […]
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A Drop of Love? Rainfall Shocks and Spousal Abuse: Evidence from Rural Peru
2020 Juan Jose Diaz, Víctor Saldarriaga
The authors investigate whether the exposure to rainfall shocks affects the experience of physical intimate partner violence by women in rural areas of the Peruvian Andes. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys over the period 2005-2014, they track changes in women’s experience of physical IPV following the exposure to rainfall shocks during the […]
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El Coronavirus y los retos para el trabajo de las mujeres en América Latina
2020 Diana Gutierrez, Guillermina Martin, Hugo Ñopo
The Coronavirus pandemic has spread throughout the world and Latin America has not escaped its health, economic and social impacts. The economic strike resulting from a combination of astringent measures (self-quarantines, mandatory quarantines, limited capacity of people in commercial premises, factories and offices, border closures, etc.), is generating profound economic and social impacts. In the […]
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To What Extent do Latin Americans Trust and Cooperate? Field Experiments on Social Exclusion In Six Latin American Countries
2008,
The paper explores the extent to which individuals trust, reciprocate, cooperate and pool risk by using a battery of field experiments containing the trust game, the voluntary contributions mechanism and the risk pooling game; applied in six capital cities in Latin America. The results suggest that: (i) on average, the propensity to trust and cooperate […]
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¿Hasta qué punto los latinoamericanos confían y cooperan? Experimentos de campo sobre exclusión social en seis países de América Latina
2008,
El documento investiga hasta que punto las personas confían, reciprocan, cooperan y comparten riesgos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en seis ciudades de América Latina aplicando una serie de experimentos de campo que incluían el juego de confianza, el mecanismo de contribuciones voluntarias y tres juegos de riesgo compartido. Los resultados sugieren que: (i) […]
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Gender and Ethnic Wage Gaps in Guatemala from a Matching Comparisons Perspective
2008,
The paper analyzes gender and ethnic wage gaps in Guatemala for the period 2000-2006, applying a matching comparisons technique, finding pronounced wage gaps along both gender and ethnic dimensions, the latter being greater. Wage gaps in Guatemala are partially explained by differences in human capital characteristics, especially education, between indigenous and non-indigenous and males and […]
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Gender Segregation in the Workplace and Wage Gaps: Evidence from Urban Mexico 1994-2004
2008,
The authors analyzes the evolution of gender segregation in the workplace in Mexico between 1994 and 2004, using a matching comparisons technique to explore the role of individual and family characteristics in determining gender segregation and wage gaps. The results suggest that the complete elimination of hierarchical segregation would reduce the observed gender wage gaps […]
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Etnicidad, antecedentes linguisticos y la salud materno infantil en el Perú
2007Martin Valdivia,
El papel de los antecedentes lingüísticos y la etnicidad como determinantes de las desigualdades en salud materno infantil en el Perú, gracias a los datos sobre la lengua materna de los ancestros de la mujer entrevistada incluidos en la ronda 2005 de la ENDES.
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Projects
News
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Oswaldo Molina highlights Alan Sanchez and Marta Favara findings on the impact of JEC on teenage pregnancy
July 22, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
An op-ed by Oswaldo Molina, director of the Master in Economics at the Universidad del Pacífico, in El Comercio, highlights the findings of Alan Sanchez, Senior Researcher at GRADE and Young Lives Peru, and Marta Favara, Researcher at the University of Oxford, on the impact of the Peruvian extended school-day reform (Jornada Escolar Completa, JEC) on several […]
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Martín Valdivia’s research project on savings and credit groups has been selected by BBVA Edufin Research Grants 2019
June 18, 2019 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
We congratulate Martín Valdivia, Senior Researcher at GRADE, whose research project on the impact of Savings and Credit Groups (GACC) has been one of the five proposals selected by BBVA Edufin Research Grants 2019. The objective of the study is to investigate if the process of peer learning leads to a healthy connection of these populations with […]
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The Consequences of Gender Discrimination in Work and Education in Peru, by Lorena Alcazar
June 5, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
In Peru, gender is one of the main factors contributing to disparities in education and employment. In this new article for Southern Voice, Lorena Alcázar, Senior Researcher at GRADE, outlines the many ways in which young Peruvians struggle to access decent work. Lorena leads Peru’s study case as part of the Southern Voice’s ‘State of […]
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They denounced, but were murdered, by GRADE’s consultant Wilson Hernández
April 29, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“International evidence shows that the most committed and sensitized police officers are those who best serve women who report violence from their partners”. Our consultant Wilson Hernández shares three key ideas in El Comercio so that previous delations to intimate femicide can be useful: better prepare the police to protect female informers, draw on technological solutions, and apply the risk assessment to those denounced.
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Group Sofia’s fifth anniversary: a systematization of its outcomes, achievements, challenges and lessons
April 8, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Group Sofía celebrates its fifth anniversary with a systematization document of its creation process, more tangible outcomes, more outstanding achievements and challenges, and lessons learned. The group aims to share their experience to contribute to the formation of similar networks in different specialties, as well as to motivate other researchers to contribute to counteracting gender […]
Events
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Lorena Alcazar shared Grupo Sofía’s work at the Women Deliver 2019 Global Conference
03/06/2019 → 06/06/2019 Vancouver, Canadá Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
As part of the International Development Research Center (IDRC) booth at the Women Deliver 2019 Global Conference, Lorena Alcázar, Senior Researcher at GRADE, and Margarita de Sanfeliú, director of Fusades Research and Statistics Center, discussed the work of Grupo Sofía to help women break the glass ceiling in social sciences in Peru.
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ON LIVE: Upcoming seminar: The challenges of ethnic self-identification: reflections after the census
30/05/2019 8:30 am - 6:30 pm Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
First part (from 9:15 to 11:00) Second part (from 11:25 to 13:00) Third part (from 14:45 to 18:10) Activists, researchers, professors, representatives of the government, and afrodescendant and indigenous organizations will discuss and generate recommendations to improve the gathering of census information with an ethnic ratial approach. The 2017 Population and Housing Census incorporated the variable of ethnic […]
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Brazil: Vanessa Rojas was a panelist at a conference on the international policy of children protection
20/05/2019 → 22/05/2019 9:30 am - 1:30 pm Hotel Everest (Rua Prudente de Morais, 1117, Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our adjunct researcher and coordinator of the qualitative component of Young Lives Peru, Vanessa Rojas, was a panelist at the In whose “best interest”? Childhoods, children and the international policy of protection international conference. The event took place from May 20 to 22 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During the seminar, international experts shared their thoughts […]
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Juan José Díaz and Juan León shared the results of the 2nd Experimental Impact Measurement of Sinfonía por el Perú
23/11/2018 Swisshotel (Centro Empresarial Real, Av. Sto. Toribio 173, San Isidro 15073) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes
The results of the II Experimental Impact Measurement of Sinfonía por Peru (A Symphony for Peru) were presented by Juan José Díaz and Juan Leon, senior researchers at GRADE, with the support of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Sinfonía por el Perú is a social and musical education program founded by the lyric singer Juan […]
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Hugo Ñopo will discuss the characteristics and sources of gender gaps in labour markets in Peru, at PUCP
24/08/2018 2:30 pm - 4:00 pm Campus PUCP - Auditorio Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Hugo Ñopo will discuss the main characteristics of gender gaps in labor markets in Peru, as part of the Friday on Economics event series, held by the School of Economics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Our senior researcher will address the sources of these disparities, with a special focus on stereotypes, education and the […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities






