Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María Balarin is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) in Peru. Her research explores the political economy of education reform and educational justice in the Global South, with a particular focus on gender dynamics and socioeconomic exclusion. She has examined how state weakness shapes education reforms, the processes of […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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JournalJournal of New Approaches in Educational Research
Design, Validation, and Application of a Questionnaire on Media Education for Teachers in Training
2019 Julio-César Mateus, Wilson Hernández
This article details the process of design, validation and application (N = 501) of an ad-hoc questionnaire that measures Peruvian teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and reasoning in training on media education. With regards to the method, several psychometric validation techniques were applied and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed a high level […]
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JournalSSM Population Health
Exploring the association between segregation and physical intimate partner violence in Lima, Peru: the mediating role of gender norms and social capital
2019 Martín Benavides, Juan Leon, Manuel Etesse, Lucía Espezúa, Jimena Stuart
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been globally recognized as a major public health problem. A growing body of evidence has identified a significant relationship between living in a neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage and experiencing IPV. Considering the increasing rates of poverty and segregation registered in Latin American cities, research on the effects of segregation on […]
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Más allá de los nini. Los jóvenes urbano-vulnerables en el Perú
2018 Lorena Alcazar, Maria Balarin, Cristina Glave, María Fernanda Rodríguez
In recent decades, the term nini —referring to young people who neither study nor work— has become part of academic discussions and debates on what policies should be implemented to address the needs of young people who are vulnerable to social exclusion. However, in a context such as the Peruvian one, in which informality reaches […]
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JournalAmerican Journal of Political Science
Urbanization Patterns, Information Diffusion, and Female Voting in Rural Paraguay
2019 Alberto Chong, Gianmarco León, Vivian Roza, Martin Valdivia, Gabriela Vega
Researchers use a field experiment to evaluate the impact of two informational get-out-the-vote campaigns to boost female electoral participation in rural areas of Paraguay. They find that public rallies had a small and insignificant effect either on registration or voter turnout in the 2013 presidential elections. Households that received door-to-door canvassing treatment were 4.6 percentage points more likely […]
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Social Interactions and Female Voting in Rural Paraguay: The Role of Urbanization Patterns on the Effectiveness of GOVT Campaigns
2018 Alberto E. Chong, Gianmarco León, Vivian Roza, Martin Valdivia, Gabriela Vega
Los autores utilizan un experimento de campo para evaluar el impacto de dos campañas informativas “sacar el voto” (get-out-the-vote) para impulsar la participación electoral femenina en Paraguay. Encuentran que las campañas públicas no tuvieron ningún efecto ni en la probabilidad de registro ni en la participación de los votantes en las elecciones presidenciales de 2013. […]
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Projects
News
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‘Ninis’: the number of young Peruvians who not study nor work has increase
October 5, 2016 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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More young Peruvians do not study nor work. An Instituto Integración report gathers Lorena Alcázar and Hugo Ñopo opinion
October 5, 2016 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Poverty and equality
18% of young Peruvians between 15 and 29 years are Ninis, “neither work nor study,” according to a report undertook by Instituto Integración. Although it is a lower rate than other Latin America countries, Lorena Alcázar, senior researcher of GRADE, states: “The low percentage of Ninis in Peru is explained due to high rates of informality and underemployment. […]
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IDRC governors and GRADE researchers discussed Research, Youth & Gender
August 31, 2016 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
On the sidelines of the visit of International Development Research Centre (IDRC / CRDI) governors to GRADE, on August 20 was held a Research, Youth & Gender panel discussion. During the meeting, our senior researchers shared GRADE’s findings from studying these topics.
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Media highlights violence against Afro Peruvian women data from a specialized study undertook by the Ministry of Culture and GRADE
June 25, 2016 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Según el Estudio Especializado sobre Población Afroperuana (EEPA) –elaborado el año pasado por el Ministerio de Cultura del Perú y GRADE–, el 24.1% de las mujeres afroperuanas que fueron encuestadas reveló que sufrió violencia psicológica; el 23.7%, violencia física; y el 4.7%, violencia sexual”. El informe de Perú 21 recoge datos sobre violencia contra la […]
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Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
Events
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Martín Valdivia participará en la conferencia anual y reunión general de PEP en Nairobi
29/04/2015 → 08/05/2015 Safari Park Hotel Off The Thika Super Highway Thika Road, Nairobi, Kenya Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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El rol de GRADE en el fortalecimiento de capacidades para la evaluación de impacto es destacado en el marco del Think Tank Exchange 2015
18/02/2015 → 20/02/2015 8:30 am - 5:30 pm Estambul, Turquía Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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Martín Benavides y Néstor Valdivia participarán en seminario “Imaginarios nacionales en México y América Latina: discriminaciones y desigualdades”
05/02/2015 → 06/02/2015 9:30 am - 6:00 pm Auditorio Jaime Torres Bodet del Museo Nacional de Antropología, México Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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Néstor Valdivia comentará libro sobre afirmación afroperuana y educación inicial en Yapatera
29/01/2015 7:00 pm Auditorio de la Cámara Peruana del Libro (Av. Cuba 427, Jesús María) Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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Investigadores de GRADE dictarán talleres metodológicos, participarán en simposios y presentarán ponencias en el IV Seminario Nacional de la SIEP
13/11/2014 → 15/11/2014 8:30 am - 6:30 pm Universidad La Salle (Av.Alfonso Ugarte 517, Arequipa) Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, State reform and public institutions
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities






