Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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JournalAnxiety and Stress
Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Adaptation and psychometric properties in Peruvian population
2021 Wilson Hernández, Andrea Burneo, Mónica Cassaretto
Current context caused by COVID-19 has changed social and day-to-day life worldwide. Mental health is no exception. The objective of this study was to adapt and analyze the psychometric properties of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in a sample of Peruvian professionals.
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Unpacking the Post-lockdown Employment Recovery of Young Women in the Global South
2021 Douglas Scott, Richard Freund, Marta Favara, Catherine Porter, Alan Sanchez
This paper analyses the difference in short-term employment recovery between young men and women in India, Peru and Vietnam following the national lockdowns imposed in all three countries during 2020. The authors employ a mediation model to establish whether – and to what extent – commonly suggested mechanisms are responsible for a relatively slower recovery among […]
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JournalCriminology & Criminal Justice
Does context matter? Examining robbery reporting in a high crime country
2021 Wilson Hernández, Katrina R Heimark
Most empirical studies that examine why individuals report property crimes to the police have focused on Global North countries where crime rates are low. This study is situated in the most violent area of the world, Latin America, and examines Peru, which has the highest robbery victimization rate in the Americas. This article examines the […]
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Estrategias de cuidado infantil en familias vulnerables peruanas: Evidencia cualitativa de Niños del Milenio
2021 Vanessa Rojas
El análisis de las percepciones de niños y niñas, y de las diversas situaciones que enfrentan familias urbanas y rurales que participan en el estudio cualitativo longitudinal Niños del Milenio (NdM), muestra que el cuidado infantil es una actividad familiar y femenina. Además, la precariedad económica en la que viven estos niños los expone a […]
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Do More School Resources Increase Learning Outcomes? Evidence from an Extended School-Day Reform
2021 Jorge M. Agüero, Marta Favara, Catherine Porter, Alan Sanchez
Sigue siendo un debate abierto si la asignación de más recursos mejora los resultados de aprendizaje de los alumnos de las escuelas públicas de bajo rendimiento. Nos centramos en el efecto del aumento del tiempo de instrucción, que es teóricamente ambiguo debido a posibles cambios compensatorios en el esfuerzo de los estudiantes, los profesores o […]
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Evolution of Gender Wage Gaps in Latin America at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: An Addendum to “New Century, Old Disparities”
2010,
The authors complements the findings of Atal, Ñopo and Winder (2010) on gender and ethnic wage gaps for 18 Latin American countries circa 2005 by analyzing gender wage gaps for the same countries between circa 1992 and circa 2007. During this span the overall gender earnings gaps dropped about 7 percentage points, while the unexplained […]
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The Persistent Gender Earnings Gap in Colombia, 1994-2006
2010
The authors surveys gender wage gaps in Colombia from 1994 to 2006, using matchingcomparisons to examine the extent to which individuals with similar human capitalcharacteristics earn different wages. Three sub-periods are considered: 1994-1998; 2000-2001; and 2002- 2006. The gaps dropped from the first to the second period but remained almost unchanged between the second and […]
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Gender Earnings Gaps in the Caribbean: Evidence from Barbados and Jamaica
2010,
The authors analyzes gender earnings gaps in Barbados and Jamaica, using a matching comparisons approach. In both countries, as in most of the Caribbean region, females’ educational achievement is higher than that of males. Nonetheless, males’ earnings surpass those of their female peers. Depending on the set of control characteristics, males’ earnings surpass those of […]
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Young Lives qualitative research: Round 1 – Peru
2009
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Childhood, transitions and well-being in Peru: A literature review
2009
This brief report provides a broad context for the Young Lives research being done in Peru by reviewing the academic literature, research findings, statistics and official documents available. It was carried out by the Young Lives qualitative researchers, and thus privileges the main areas to be explored by qualitative research in its first two rounds […]
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Using Pseudo‐Panels To Measure Income Mobility In Latin America
2011,
The paper presents a comparative overview of mobility patterns in 14 Latin American countries between 1992 and 2003. Using three alternative econometric techniques on constructed pseudo-panels, the paper provides a set of estimators for the traditional notion of income mobility as well as for mobility around extreme and moderate poverty lines. The estimates suggest very […]
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To What Extent Do Latin Americans Trust, Reciprocate, and Cooperate?: Evidence from Experiments in Six Latin American Countries
2009,
The paper explores the extent to which individuals trust, reciprocate, cooperate, and pool risk. The authors use a battery of field experiments containing the trust game, the voluntary contribution mechanism, and the risk-pooling game, which we apply in six capital cities in Latin America. A salient feature of the paper is that the data is […]
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The Mystery of Discrimination in Latin America
2008,
In the paper the authors focus on a particular family of studies, namely, wage gaps decompositions. Numerous efforts have focused on documenting earnings differentials between females and males, indigenous and nonindigenous people, or Afro-descendants and whites. As the pieces of the literature that the authors survey in this section show, comparisons of hourly labor earnings (wages or […]
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JournalRevista Economía
Occupational training to reduce gender segregation: The impacts of ProJoven
2008,
The paper illustrates the process of program evaluation for ProJoven, the Peruvian youth labor training program. The program provides beneficiaries with basic three-month training in lowskill occupations and with internship opportunities. ProJoven’s design promotes gender equality by encouraging female participation in training for traditionally male-dominated occupations and by providing subsidies so mothers with children can […]
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JournalUniversitas: Revista de Filosofía, Derecho y Política
Opinión pública, agenda, democracia y derechos humanos: apuntes para el estudio de una relación imperfecta
2008
This article explores the relationship between the media, democracy, currents of opinion and the establishment of a public agenda. We will discuss the dilemmas in the interrelation of these fields in light of the precarious presence of the human rights agenda in the mass media, especially television, and its necessary contribution to a democratic debate […]
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Projects
News
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Wilson Hernández in RPP Noticias: survey reveals that 30% of victims noticed the first sign of violence in the first year of romantic relationship
November 25, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Wilson Hernández, adjunct researcher at GRADE, spoke in RPP Noticias about the findings of a survey conducted among women victims of intimate partner violence. This study indicates that 30% of the victims noticed the first sign of violence in the first year of romantic relationship. While another 30% perceived violence in the second year.
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“Not all aggressors and not all victims are the same”. Wilson Hernández joins REDES and RPP podcast on violence against women
November 24, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Not all aggressors and not all victims are the same. They are different in the frequency and severity of the attacks. Let’s discuss two patterns of victimization. One in which women suffer a lot of physical, psychological and sexual aggression, and are subjected to aggression in the last 12 months. This is 9% of women […]
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Come On, Guys: It’s Time Men Got More Involved at Home, by Hugo Ñopo
October 22, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“One of the biggest hurdles women face when it comes to professional opportunities lies at home. We — husbands, fathers, sons and brothers — are largely responsible for the inequality that stems from our own behavior in the household. And we do this to the people we love!”. Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher at GRADE, writes in Americas Quaterly […]
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Young, rural and low-income women lost more their jobs during the pandemic
October 21, 2020 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“The research calculated that 34% of female heads of households lost their jobs compared to 28% of their male counterparts, as this problem is much more profound in Peru, El Salvador, Honduras and Bolivia. More than half of the women female heads of households who are in charge of children under 6 have seen their […]
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When the “good” neighborhoods ruin the “bad” ones, by Wilson Hernández
October 20, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“When an adolescent lives in a vulnerable neighborhood, his propensity to commit a crime is greater when there are people with less vulnerability in the surroundings neighborhoods. But, according to the aforementioned study, this is not the case when the surroundings neighborhoods are also vulnerable”. Our adjunct researcher Wilson Hernández highlighted the findings of a […]
Events
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Hugo Ñopo discussed women’s rights at the International Bar Association global virtual event
02/11/2020 11:00 am Evento virtual Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Women’s rights have indeed advanced in the last decades. Just as an example, in many jurisdictions women can now vote and own and dispose of their own patrimony. But has all this legal advancement, when such has been the case, really impacted women’s advancement? Have all these printed rights really changed the reality of women? […]
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Lorena Alcázar will be a panelist at an Equilibrium CenDE event on Venezuelan migration and basic education
15/10/2020 6:00 pm Evento virtual Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our senior researcher Lorena Alcázar will be one of the panelists who will discuss Venezuelan migration and access to basic education. The discussion will be based on two research cases, in Bogotá and Lima, which were winners of the 1st Financing Program for Migration Research at Equilibrium Center for Economic Development. PANELISTS Lorena Alcázar, senior researcher at […]
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GRADE celebrates 40 years of foundation on the sidelines of Peru’s bicentennial
01/06/2020 → 30/06/2021 Rural development and agriculture, Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition, Urbanization and sustainable cities
When GRADE turned 35 in 2015, we researchers produced a set of research reports on key issues for the country’s development. These works, gathered in the book Research for development in Peru, sought to satisfy the demand for knowledge aimed at fostering a more informed debate on public policy in Peru. In the foreword of the publication, Javier […]
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Young Lives Peru organizes the virtual dialogue “Violence: another pandemic that threatens girls and adolescents”
29/09/2020 6:00 pm Evento virtual Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
On September 29, the longitudinal study Young Lives Peru will organize the virtual dialogue Violence: another pandemic that threatens girls and adolescents. PANELISTS Vanessa Rojas, coordinator of the qualitative component for Young Lives Peru. Matilde Cobeña, adjunct for childhood and adolescence at the Ombudsman’s Office of Peru. MODERADOR Santiago Cueto, country director of Young Lives Peru and executive director at GRADE. […]
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Lorena Alcázar will be a panelist at CIES-UNDP Peru dialogue on youth action against the pandemic
29/09/2020 4:00 pm Evento virtual Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Youth has been one of the hardest hit not only by the direct impact of COVID-19 on the lives of young people, their families or their communities, but also by a reduction of spaces, funding and opportunities to play an active role in the response and recovery process. To discuss this issue, the Consortium for […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities