Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María Balarin is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) in Peru. Her research explores the political economy of education reform and educational justice in the Global South, with a particular focus on gender dynamics and socioeconomic exclusion. She has examined how state weakness shapes education reforms, the processes of […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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JournalAustralian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology
Fear of crime examined through diversity of crime, social inequalities, and social capital: An empirical evaluation in Peru
2020 Wilson Hernández, Lucía Dammert, Lilian Kanashiro
Latin America is a violent region where fear of crime is well spread but still not fully understood. Using multilevel methods for a large and subnational representative household survey, researchers assess the determinants of fear of crime in Peru, the country with the highest fear of crime and crime victimization in the region. Results show […]
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La inclusión educativa de NNA migrantes venezolanos en el Perú: una política que no se puede nombrar
2020 Lorena Alcazar, Maria Balarin
The education sector has identified the important and growing demand of foreign migrant families, and has reacted to this issue. However, a discourse and practice guaranteeing the right to education coexists with a marked absence of policies explicitly aimed at facilitating its educational inclusion. In this analysis paper, the authors address the educational inclusion of […]
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JournalThe World Bank Economic Review
Do Information Technologies Improve Teenagers’ Sexual Education? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Colombia
2020 Alberto Chong, Marco Gonzalez-Navarro, Dean Karlan, Martin Valdivia
This study reports results from a randomized evaluation of a mandatory six-month Internet-based sexual education course implemented across public junior high schools in 21 Colombian cities. Six months after finishing the course, the study finds a 0.4 standard deviation improvement in knowledge, a 0.2 standard deviation improvement in attitudes, and a 55 percent increase in […]
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Las aspiraciones de las mujeres rurales de Cajamarca en la educación de sus hijas e hijos
2020 Gabriela Arrunátegui
En este artículo, Gabriela Arrunátegui analiza las aspiraciones de las mujeres de zonas rurales de Cajamarca en la educación de sus hijas e hijos. Para ello, empleó la información cualitativa recogida en el año 2019 por el equipo del proyecto CREER, sobre prácticas pedagógicas y de género en 12 instituciones educativas multigrado de primaria en […]
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(Un)Conditional Love in the Time of Conditional Cash Transfers: The Effect of the Peruvian JUNTOS Program on Spousal Abuse
2020 Juan Jose Diaz, Víctor Saldarriaga
Cash Transfer programs often target women as the recipient of the money. Unintentionally, this flow of unearned income may reduce spousal abuse. Researchers investigate this possibility by assessing the Peruvian JUNTOS program. They exploit the staggered timing in the rollout of the program across municipalities along with its eligibility rule for determining participation to perform a difference-in-differences […]
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An Extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition to a Continuum of Comparison Groups
2007,
El artículo propone una extensión de la descomposición Blinder-Oaxaca de dos a un continuo de grupos en comparación. La descomposición propuesta es luego estimada para el caso de las diferencias raciales en los salarios en el Perú urbano, explotando una base de datos novedosa que permite capturar mestizajes.
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The Gender Wage Gap in Chile 1992-2003 from a Matching Comparisons Perspective
2007,
The paper analyzes the evolution of the gender wage gap in Chile during the period 1992 to 2003 using the decomposition approach developed in Ñopo (2004). This approach, which decomposes the wage gap into four additive elements, stresses the need for comparisons inside the common support for the distributions of observable characteristics of individuals. Also, […]
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Entrenamiento ocupacional para reducir la segregación de género: El impacto de Projoven
2007,
El trabajo trata la evaluación de ProJoven, el programa de capacitación para el trabajo de jóvenes en de Perú y muestra las diferencias considerables que hay en sus efectos entre hombres y mujeres. Dieciocho meses después de haber participado en el programa, el empleo entre las mujeres mejoró aproximadamente en 15% (en el caso de […]
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Discrimination in Latin America: An Elephant in the Room?
2007,
Este trabajo investiga la evidencia de discriminación en América Latina y muestra que hay una percepción generalizada de discriminación, especialmente en contra del pobre, el no instruído y aquellos que carecen de conecciones. Los canales a través de los cuales la discriminación ocurre se construyen en base a factores económicos. Sin embargo, mientras las encuestas […]
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Brechas salariales por género y etnicidad en Guatemala desde una perspectiva de comparaciones emparejadas
2007,
Los autores analizan las brechas salariales atribuibles al sexo y la etnicidad en Guatemala entre 2000 y 2006. Se hallan brechas salariales pronunciadas a lo largo tanto de dimensiones sexuales como étnicas. Las brechas salariales en Guatemala obedecen parcialmente a diferencias de características del capital humano, especialmente educación, entre grupos indígenas y no indígenas, y […]
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Projects
News
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Preliminary findings of Young Marriage and Parenthood Study (YMAPS) in Peru
February 6, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Vanessa Rojas, Adjunct Researcher at GRADE and Coordinator of the Qualitative Component of Young Lives in Peru, shared in Radio Nacional the preliminary findings of the Young Marriage and Parenthood (YMAPS) qualitative studies, show the perceptions of young women and men about their experiences in cohabitation, pregnancy, maternity/paternity to an early age. Qualitative evidence of […]
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Bangkok: Members of GRADE joined the Think Tank Initiative 2018 as panelists and workshop participants
November 26, 2018 Urbanization and sustainable cities, Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Rural development and agriculture, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
After almost a decade of organizational support, the Think Tank Initiative brought together representatives of think tanks, policymakers, donors and other research-to-policy actors for a final Think Tank Initiative Exchange to mark the last year of the program. This Exchange built on a decade of TTI lessons, experiences and insights on the challenges of building […]
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Is the solution at home?, by Hugo Ñopo
September 25, 2018 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“The excess of female responsibilities in homes has huge impacts on the lower possibility of professional development for women”, says Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher at GRADE, in an article published in G de Gestión gathering proposals to set game rules that promote gender equity in the business community.
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Hugo Ñopo’s findings on gender disparities in Peru are highlighted in Gestión
August 31, 2018 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
A recent research study conducted by Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher at GRADE, reveals that at the time of the birth of the first son or daughter, women’s wages fall close to 10% and over time they do not recover. This and other findings on gender disparities in Peru are highlighted in the newspaper Gestión.
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Hugo Ñopo opinó sobre la cuota de género para conformar listas al Congreso de la República
August 17, 2018 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
Events
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Martín Valdivia will be a panelist at the 2nd Capital Project Colloquium: 10 years linking social protection and financial inclusion
15/08/2018 → 17/08/2018 Exhacienda de Chautla, Puebla, México Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes
Our senior researcher, Martín Valdivia, will join in the 2nd Capital Project Colloquium: 10 years linking social protection and financial inclusion, held by the Secretariat of Social Development of Mexico and Capital Foundation. The event will take place from August 15 to 17, 2018 in Puebla, Mexico. On August 17, Martín will be part of […]
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Alan Sanchez shared Young Lives Peru findings on sexual and reproductive health and teenage pregnancy in a regional forum
19/07/2018 10:20 am - 10:20 am Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our senior researcher, Alan Sánchez, shared findings on sexual and reproductive health and adolescent pregnancy of the longitudinal study Young Lives Peru, as part of the regional forum of the Latin American Consortium Against Unsafe Abortion (CLACAI), titled “Ensuring access to sexual and reproductive health of women and adolescents in situations of high vulnerability”.
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Bolivia: Hugo Ñopo will join “An agenda for development in the Andean countries: productivity, social advances and institutionality” Conference
05/07/2018 La Paz, Bolivia Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our senior researcher, Hugo Ñopo, will be part of “An agenda for development in the Andean countries: productivity, social advances and institutionality” Conference, on July 5 at the Bolivian Catholic University of San Pablo in La Paz. The conference aims to address the role of natural resources and the challenges towards a structural change. Also, to […]
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GRADE’s International Conference ‘Territories and Development in Peru’
05/06/2018 → 06/06/2018 9:00 am - 7:00 pm Auditorio de GRADE (Av. Almirante Grau 915, Barranco) Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Rural development and agriculture, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
GRADE’s International Conference on Territories and Development in Peru was held on 5-6 June, 2018. In this event we shared the findings of a research program that we have carried out over the last three years, due to the agreement between GRADE and the Think Tank Initiative managed by Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Through this research program, […]
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Book launch: Grupo Sofía presents “Inequality in academia: women in the Peruvian social sciences”
08/05/2018 8:30 am - 12:00 pm Auditorio de GRADE (Av. Almirante Grau 915, Barranco) Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Grupo Sofía held the launch of its book “Inequality in academia: women in the Peruvian social sciences”, edited by Lorena Alcázar and María Balarin. The book includes chapters of researchers Patricia Ames, Norma Correa, Erika Busse, Roxana Barrantes, Patricia Ruiz-Bravo, Yamilé Guibert, Andrea Román, Aurora Escudero, Karen Espinoza and María Fernanda Rodríguez. They present rigorous evidence, until […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities






