Employment, Productivity and Innovation
The main objective of various projects carried out at GRADE in this area has been to assess the economic impacts of labor legislation and its effects on the hiring of temporary workers, on employment rotation and mobility, or non-salary labor costs and on the demand for formal employment. Additional issues include the insertion of youth in the labor market, self-employment rates, the role of micro and small-scale enterprises in employment generation, and policies for driving innovation in the country.
Senior Researchers
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Juan José Díaz Noziglia
PhD en Economics - University of Maryland
Juan José Díaz has a PhD in Economics from the University of Maryland. He is currently a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His interests include the labor economy and evaluating social, educational, health and development programs.
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Miguel Jaramillo Baanante
PhD en History - University of California
Miguel Jaramillo has a degree in Economics from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He completed his graduate studies in Economics and History at the University of California, where he received a PhD in History. His areas of interests are labor economics, social policy and institutional analysis. He is currently a Senior Researcher at GRADE. […]
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Máximo Torero Cullen (de licencia)
PhD en Economics - University of California, Los Angeles
Maximo received a PhD from the University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Economics and held a postdoctoral fellow position at the UCLA Institute for Social Science Research (ISSR). Currently, he is the Chief Economist of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Prior to joining FAO, he was the World Bank Group Executive Director for […]
External Affiliated Researchers
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Sonia Laszlo
PhD en - University of Toronto
Sonia Laszlo is Associate Professor of Economics and Director of the Institute for the Study of International Development. Her main research areas cover many aspects of applied microeconomic analysis in economic development: rural development, access to markets, and the relationship between income, health and education in economic development. In addition to using traditional analytic tools […]
Visiting Researchers
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Alessandro Goglio
PhD en - Graduate Institute of International Studies
Alessandro is a senior international economist with extensive experience advising governments on long-term reforms, policies, and programs, particularly in the areas of social and labor market reforms. He currently teaches Public Economics at LIUC Università Cattaneo (Castellanza, Italy), School of Economics, following thirty years at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Paris. […]
Publications
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Políticas de protección social y laboral en el Perú. Una espiral de buenas intenciones, malos resultados y peores respuestas
2021 Hugo Ñopo
The legislation stipulates that, with some exceptions, all workers and their family members are covered by a social safety net that is financed by contributions from employers and workers. This legislation, to a large extent, is violated and to another extent has exceptions. As a result, most workers do not enjoy contributory social protection. The […]
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¿Reinserción y permanencia en el mercado laboral con equidad de género?: el Servicio Cuidado Diurno en madres jóvenes
2021 Gabriela Arrunategui, Micaela Giesecke
Durante las últimas dos décadas, las mujeres peruanas han ganado derechos en diferentes ámbitos de la vida social, política y económica (Benavente y Valdés, 2014; Sara-lafosse, 2009). La inserción de la fuerza laboral femenina representa para ellas un logro en su autonomía económica (Irigaray, 1992; Lupica, 2015). Aquellas que son madres, sin embargo, enfrentan penalizaciones […]
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Savings Groups Reduce Vulnerability, but Have Mixed Effects on Financial Inclusion
2020 Verónica Frisancho, Martin Valdivia
This paper evaluates the impact of the introduction of savings groups on poverty, vulnerability, and financial inclusion outcomes in rural Peru. Using a cluster randomized control trial and relying on both survey and administrative records, researchers investigate the impact of savings groups after more than two years of exposure. The authors find that savings groups […]
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Savings Groups Reduce Vulnerability, but have Mixed Effects on Financial Inclusion
2020 Verónica Frisancho, Martin Valdivia
This paper evaluates the impact of the introduction of savings groups on poverty, vulnerability, and financial inclusion outcomes in rural Peru. Using a cluster randomized control trial and relying on both survey and administrative records, researchers investigate the impact of savings groups over a two year period. The authors find that savings groups channel expensive […]
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JournalJournal of Development Economics
The value of redistribution: Natural resources and the formation of human capital under weak institutions
2020 Jorge Aguero, Carlos Felipe Balcázar, Stanislao Maldonado, Hugo Ñopo
Researchers exploit time and spatial variation generated by the commodities boom to measure the effect of natural resources on human capital formation in Peru, a country with low governance indicators. Combining testscores from over two million students and district-level administrative data of mining taxes redistributed to localgovernments, they find sizable effects on student learning from […]
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Evolution of Gender Wage Gaps in Latin America at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: An Addendum to “New Century, Old Disparities”
2010,
The authors complements the findings of Atal, Ñopo and Winder (2010) on gender and ethnic wage gaps for 18 Latin American countries circa 2005 by analyzing gender wage gaps for the same countries between circa 1992 and circa 2007. During this span the overall gender earnings gaps dropped about 7 percentage points, while the unexplained […]
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The Persistent Gender Earnings Gap in Colombia, 1994-2006
2010
The authors surveys gender wage gaps in Colombia from 1994 to 2006, using matchingcomparisons to examine the extent to which individuals with similar human capitalcharacteristics earn different wages. Three sub-periods are considered: 1994-1998; 2000-2001; and 2002- 2006. The gaps dropped from the first to the second period but remained almost unchanged between the second and […]
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Gender Earnings Gaps in the Caribbean: Evidence from Barbados and Jamaica
2010,
The authors analyzes gender earnings gaps in Barbados and Jamaica, using a matching comparisons approach. In both countries, as in most of the Caribbean region, females’ educational achievement is higher than that of males. Nonetheless, males’ earnings surpass those of their female peers. Depending on the set of control characteristics, males’ earnings surpass those of […]
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Pobreza e impactos heterogéneos de las políticas activas del empleo juvenil: el caso de PROJOVEN en el Perú
2009Miguel Jaramillo,
This study analyses the relationship between household poverty and the impacts of active employment promotion policies in Peru. In particular, we analyse the PROJOVEN Youth Employment Training Programme, which, since 1996, has directly benefited close to 50,000 poor youth. The poverty status of PROJOVEN beneficiaries is approximated with an index based on 21 household assets. […]
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Gender Wage Gaps in Central American Countries: Evidence from a Non-Parametric Approach
2009,
The authors compares gender wage gaps for Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s using the non-parametric matching methodology introduced by Ñopo (2008), which allows an analysis not only of average gaps but also their distributions. While a simple comparison of average wages would suggest small or even negative […]
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JournalEconomic Development and Cultural Change
Ethnicity and Earnings in a Mixed-Race Labor Market
2007, Maximo Torero,
The study examines the relationship between earnings and racial differences in a context in which various races have coexisted and mixed during several centuries, as is true in many parts of the postcolonial world and specifically urban Peru. Coarse indicators of racial differences do not suffice in capturing this relationship; therefore, the authors introduce a score-based […]
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JournalAfrican Development Review
Selection and Reporting Bias in Household Surveys of Child Labor: Evidence from Tanzania
2007,
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JournalUnodiverso: ciencia, tecnología y sociedad
Retos del Plan Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Competitividad y el Desarrollo Humano
2006Juana Kuramoto,
El Plan Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Competitividad y el Desarrollo Humano fue aprobado vía decreto supremo que lo convierte en un documento vinculante para el sector público y referencial para el privado.
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JournalEmpirica
Severance payment programs in Latin America
2005Miguel Jaramillo,
Latin America stands out among different regions in the world for her high employment termination costs. To this contribute both a high level of severance payments and the existence of overlapping benefits. The effectiveness of these protective measures, however, is limited by the size of the informal sector, which, in turn, may be related to […]
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JournalThe IUP Journal of Applied Economics
Working Within Confines: Occupational Segregation By Sex For Three Latin American Countries
2005,
The paper assesses the evolution of occupational segregation by sex using comparable data sets for Costa Rica, Ecuador and Uruguay over the 1989-1997 period. The authors estimate segregation indices using two-digit occupational categories for the entire employed labor force and also for sub-samples with different levels of educational attainment. Using a re-sampling technique, the authors estimate […]
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El impacto de la apertura al comercio internacional sobre la economía regional del extremo norte peruano, 1780-1877
Estado y mercado en la historia del Perú2002Miguel Jaramillo,
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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La flexibilización del mercado laboral
La reforma incompleta: rescatando los noventa2000
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Determinants of embodied technology transfer from stars to firms
Knowledge transfer in biotechnology in Japan: comparative institutional context and commercial success2000, , Maximo Torero,
Applying a model of job mobility, we explain the probability that a previously untied academic star will start working with a firm as a function of measures of the star's scientific quality, factors affecting trial frequency and the scientists' reservation wage, and interfering university offers.
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Determinantes de las decisiones de trabajo en tareas no agropecuarias dentro de la finca en el Perú
Pobreza y economía social: análisis de una encuesta (ENNIV-1997)1999Javier Escobal, Jorge Aguero,
The objective of the paper is to show the importance of off-farm labor activities for the Peruvian rural sector during the last decade. The paper shows that the relative importance of family labor in off-farm activities rose from 24.1 % of total wages in 1985 to 35.3 % in 1997. Currently, 56% of annual net […]
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Los retornos a la educación y a la experiencia en el Perú, 1985-1997
Pobreza y economía social: análisis de una encuesta (ENNIV-1997)1999,
En este artículo se documentan los cambios observados en la estructura de ingresos entre 1985 y 1997.
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Minería hoy / Hacia una reforma integral de la capacitación
2007Juana Kuramoto, Miguel Jaramillo,
Minería hoy: la bonanza que no hay que desperdiciar / Hacia una reforma integral de la capacitación.
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Políticas para mejorar el desempeño del mercado laboral / Las concesiones de infraestructura en el sector portuario
2005Miguel Jaramillo, Lorena Alcazar,
Policies to improve labour market performance by Miguel Jaramillo. Infrastructure concessions in the port sector: an assessment of the Matarani experience by Lorena Alcázar.
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Reforma del agua y competitividad / Las diferencias de género en los mercados de trabajo peruano
2005Eduardo Zegarra, ,
Reforma del agua y competitividad: la necesidad de una nueva estrategia / Las diferencias de género en los mercados de trabajo peruano.
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El agro peruano en un nuevo partidor / Angustias laborales en el Perú de hoy
2000Javier Escobal,
The following text analyzes three problems of the rural economy that we consider crucial. First, the financing of agriculture; second, overtaxes and the discretionary management of relative prices; and finally, the policies and approaches applied to water, forestry and land resources.
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Employment, Productivity and Innovation en la categoría Book
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Employment, Productivity and Innovation en la categoría Mimeo
Projects
- El Mercado, el Estado y la dinámica de la desigualdadJuly 2007
- Estudio panel para la evaluación de impacto del proceso de simplificación administrativa en las empresas en Lima cercadoJune 2007
- 2006 Fondoempleo, profile evaluationAugust 2006
- Las Políticas de Desarrollo de Habilidades en el Perú: el rol de los actores nacionales e internacionalesJuly 2006
- Impacto de Programa de MicrocréditosMay 2006
- Consultoría para promover las potencialidades del circuito turístico nororiental del Perú – CTN PerúApril 2006
- Gender opportunities and constraints to integrating information and communication technologies in micro and small enterprisesJanuary 2006
- Plan Nacional de Fomento de Trabajo Decente y la Competitividad EmpresarialSeptember 2005
- Task Force of Technological Innovation for the National Strategy for CompetitivenessAugust 2005
- Evaluación de Impacto del Programa de Capacitación Laboral Juvenil ProJovenFebruary 2005
News
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The improbable transition to formality, by Miguel Jaramillo
September 8, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation
“Two traits are key to characterizing workers who transition from informality to formality: education and age. Greater education increases the probability of entering salaried formality from all labor segments, and more pronounced for the increase in education. high school to high school.” Miguel Jaramillo, Senior Researcher at GRADE, shares recent evidence on mobility between the […]
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Building safer and more sustainable food systems in Peru, by Karine Gatellier (IDS) and Ricardo Fort
July 22, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation, Poverty and equality
The pandemic has aggravated the food insecurity situation of people. In Peru, the most vulnerable are facing great difficulties in accessing food, while food market vendors are also struggling to keep their businesses afloat. Read this Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) story of change to know how the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) […]
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Miguel Jaramillo: “Clear processes are needed for any regulatory reform and a public discussion based more on evidence than on ideological principles”
June 27, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation
“A first point is that the Ministry establishes a clear position regarding the generation of formal employment. […] A second point is the need to have a stable regulatory framework. Norms cannot be approved without following a minimum public discussion procedure. Another point is what the Ministry can do to make life in formality easier. […]
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Labor market and poverty, by Miguel Jaramillo Baanante
June 12, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation
“The number of people with a formal job was the lowest in almost a decade, 3.78 million people. The combination of low growth in formal employment, growing informality and meager recovery of income in the informal sector condemns us to greater poverty”. Miguel Jaramillo, Senior Researcher at GRADE, analyzes the panorama of the labor market and poverty […]
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Miguel Jaramillo: “The policies of this government serve a very specific political clientele”
May 16, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation
Formal workers —especially unionized ones— are the ones who have been prioritized in recent labor measures, according to Miguel Jaramillo, Senior Researcher at GRADE. The dialogue also addressed issues such as the minimum wage, productivity, the release of the AFP, poverty, among others. Read the full interview in El Comercio. Subscribe for access.
Events
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Hugo Ñopo discussed the challenges of human development in the face of the pandemic at a KAS Peru event
20/08/2020 5:00 pm Evento virtual Employment, productivity and innovation, Poverty and equality, State reform and public institutions
“The world has applauded that we have good financial backs, which have been built on the basis of a very well done macroeconomy. Unfortunately, we have forgotten to invest in the most important thing: people. In health and education” (El Comercio, April 30 2020). Hugo Ñopo, Senior Researcher at GRADE, discussed the challenges of human […]
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GRADE joins Ojo Público and UPCH Health Innovation Lab as partners of the #MITCOVID19Challenge Latin America vs. COVID-19
19/06/2020 → 21/06/2020 Evento virtual Urbanization and sustainable cities, Employment, productivity and innovation, Health and nutrition
GRADE joins Ojo Público and the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia’s Health Innovation Lab as partners of the MIT COVID19 Challenge: Latin America vs. COVID-19. This 48-hour virtual hackathon will be focused on developing solutions that have a relevant impact in the short term in Latin America. In our role, we will be helping to define the challenge. The […]
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Serie de Webinars: Covid-19 y la respuesta de política en el Perú
11/06/2020 → 23/06/2020 7:30 pm Evento online Urbanization and sustainable cities, Employment, productivity and innovation
GRADE presenta la Serie de Webinars: COVIDー19 y la respuesta de política en el Perú. En esta serie abordaremos diversos desafíos económicos y sociales de nuestro país frente a la pandemia. Cada tema contará con la presentación de un documento de investigación, seguido de los comentarios de investigadores. El ingreso es libre, previa inscripción aquí. Webinar […]
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Lorena Alcazar was a panelist at Gender Matters: COVID-19 and the labour market in the Global South Webinar
28/05/2020 10:00 am - 11:00 am Evento online Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
As with other pandemics in recent history, women are particularly vulnerable. COVID-19 has further aggravated structural inequalities that systematically disadvantage women, specifically in the economic system. Economically, women are disproportionately impacted by the financial effects of the pandemic as the majority work in low-paid or informal jobs with few social protections. Around the globe, 740 […]
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Miguel Jaramillo was a panelist at the fourth CADEx “New work framework in health emergency”
21/04/2020 5:00 pm Evento online Employment, productivity and innovation
IPAE held the fourth CADEx “A new labor framework on the sidelines of a health emergency”. Our senior researcher, Miguel Jaramillo, was a panelist together with Juan Carlos Requejo, vice-Minister of Labor at the Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion, and Diego Macera, general general at the Peruvian Institute of Economics (IPE).
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities
