Health and Nutrition
GRADE research in this area is focused on the analysis of issues such as the state of health and nutrition in Peru, how this related to social exclusion, socio-economic status and growth, as well as how it impacts on the ability of individuals and families to develop different capacities.
Senior Researchers
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Lorena Alcázar Valdivia
PhD en Economics - Washington University
Lorena has a BA in Economics from the Pacific University in Peru, a Master’s Degree in Political and International Economy from the Kiel Institute of World Economics, and a PhD in Economics from Washington University. She is currently a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE). Previously, she served as Vice-President […]
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Alan Sánchez Jiménez
PhD en Economics - University of Oxford
Alan has a DPhil in Economics from the University of Oxford, where hi also holds a Master’s degree in Economics for Development. Currently, he holds dual affiliations as a Senior Researcher at the Oxford Department of International Development (ODID) at the University of Oxford, and a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Research Assistants
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Dianela Espinoza Fernández
BA en -
Dianela is an economist from the University of Piura. At GRADE, she supports Alan Sanchez in the “Young Lives at Work” and “Nutrition, Lifestyle, Genes and Metabolome – A Biosocial Cohort Study of Obesity and its Consequences for Non-Communicable Diseases in Young Adults from Urban Peru” projects.
Project Support Staff
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Mónica Lizama Egoavil
Degree en - National Agrarian University
Mónica studied Statistical and Computer Science Engineer at the National University Agrarian La Molina. Currently she is the Data Manager for Young Lives in Peru. Before joining Young Lives, Mónica worked as a statistics assistant at the Peruvian National Institute of Statistics (INEI) and the International Nutrition Institute (IIN).
External Affiliated Researchers
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Jere R. Behrman
Ph.D. en - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Professor Behrman is a leading international researcher in empirical microeconomics, with emphasis on developing economies. He is also a Research Associate at Penn’s Population Studies Center. His research interests include empirical microeconomics, labor economics, human resources (early childhood development, education, health, nutrition), project evaluation, economic demography, incentive systems and household behaviors. The unifying dimension of […]
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Marta Favara
PhD en - University of Essex
Marta is a Senior Researcher at the Oxford Department of International Development at the University of Oxford where she is leading the quantitative research agenda of Young Lives since 2015. She is also a Research Fellow at the Oxford Martin School Programme on African Governance and an IZA Research Affiliate. Before joining Young Lives, she […]
Publications
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JournalJournal of Health Economics
A drop of love? Rainfall shocks and spousal abuse: Evidence from rural Peru
2023 Juan Jose Diaz, Víctor Saldarriaga,
We investigate whether exposure to rainfall shocks affects the experience of physical intimate partner violence (P-IPV) among women in rural areas of the Peruvian Andes. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys over 2005–2014, we track changes in the probability that a woman experiences recent instances of P-IPV after being exposed to a rainfall […]
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JournalFood Policy
Employment and wage effects of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes and front-of-package warning label regulations on the food and beverage industry: Evidence from Peru
2023 Juan Jose Diaz, Alan Sanchez, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Jaime Miranda, Barry M. Popkin
Peru increased its sugar-sweetened beverage tax by 8 percentage points (from 17% to 25%) in 2018 and in 2019 imposed front-of-package warning labels on processed and ultra-processed foods and beverages high in sugar, saturated fats, and sodium or containing trans fats. We assess the pre-COVID-19 impacts of these two policies on aggregate formal employment and […]
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How early nutrition and foundational cognitive skills interconnect? Evidence from two developing countries
2022 Alan Sanchez, Marta Favara, Margaret Sheridan, Jere R. Behrman
We use unique data collected in Ethiopia and Peru as part of the Young Lives Study to investigate the relationship between early undernutrition and four foundational cognitive skills, the first two of which measure executive functioning: working memory, inhibitory control, long-term memory, and implicit learning. We exploit the rich longitudinal data available to control for […]
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How early nutrition and foundational cognitive skills interconnect? Evidence from two developing countries
2022 Alan Sanchez, Marta Favara, Margaret Sheridan, Jere R. Behrman
While the long-term consequences of early stunting on educational attainment and on school achievement tests are well-known, there is scarce evidence about the specific mechanisms through which early stunting leads to poorer educational outcomes, especially in LMIC contexts. We use unique data collected in Ethiopia and Peru as part of the Young Lives to investigate […]
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JournalFrontiers in Nutrition
Development of an online food frequency questionnaire and estimation of misreporting of energy intake during the COVID-19 pandemic among young adults in Peru
2022 María Jesús Vega-Salas, Katherine Curi-Quinto, Alessandra Hidalgo-Aréstegui, Krysty Meza-Carbajal, Nataly Lago-Berrocal, Lena Arias, Marta Favara, Mary Penny, Alan Sanchez, Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
This study aims to describe the multi-stage process used to adapt a previously validated face-to-face Food Frequency Questionnaries (FFQ) of an online self-administered FFQ for young adults in Peru during the pandemic, including the selection of the food items, portion sizes, and food frequency response options. Furthermore, it aims at validating the FFQ by estimating the […]
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Revisión temática y metodológica de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar – ENDES y recomendaciones para su mejoramiento
2013Juan Jose Diaz,
This document presents a review of the ENDES and discusses the thematic orientation that the study could have in the future. In addition, some recommendations are presented to increase the potential of the survey. In particular, suggestions are made to improve the existing information and to overcome some of its limitations that could contribute to […]
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Effectiveness and Spillovers of online sex education: evidence from a randomized evaluation in Colombian public schools
2013, Martin Valdivia,
En una evaluación aleatoria en Colombia, se encontró un curso en linea de salud sexual que conduce a impactos significativos en el conocimiento y actitudes de los adolescentes y, para aquellos sexualmente activos, menos ETS.
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Número de hermanos, orden de nacimiento y resultados educativos en la niñez: evidencia en Perú
2011,
Se investiga el efecto del número de hijos y el orden de nacimiento en la asistencia a la escuela, en la probabilidad de retraso escolar
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Early nutrition and cognition in Peru: A within-siblings investigation
2011Alan Sanchez,
This paper examines the causal link between early childhood nutrition and cognition, applying instrumental variables to sibling-differences for a sample of pre-school aged Peruvian children.
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Long-term implications of under-nutrition on psychosocial competencies: evidence from four developing countries
2011Alan Sanchez,
Bajo la motivación de sugerencias de la literatura médica y del modelo de formación de habilidades propuesto por Cunha y Heckman (2007, 2008), este paper emplea información longitudinal de niños en etapa de crecimiento de países en desarrollo para estudiar el impacto de la nutrición temprana en el desarrollo de estas habilidades.
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JournalEconomic Development and Cultural Change
Impact of Juntos Conditional Cash Transfer Program on nutritional and cognitive outcomes in Peru: Comparison between younger and older initial exposure
2020
We evaluate whether the Juntos conditional cash transfer program in Peru has a larger effect on children who benefited initially from the program during the first 4 years of life compared with those children who benefited initially between ages 5 and 8. The former group was exposed during early-life sensitive periods, received the program for […]
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JournalReview of Development Studies
Understanding teenage fertility in Peru: An analysis using longitudinal data
2020
Reducing the prevalence of teenage pregnancy remains an elusive goal for public policy in Peru. Researchers use longitudinal data from the Young Lives Study in Peru to investigate on an extensive set of early circumstances and life changes that might be the risk factors for teenage childbearing—about one out of five girls in the sample […]
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JournalHealth Economics
Encouraging use of prenatal care through conditional cash transfers: evidence from JUNTOS in Peru
2019
Researchers use a difference‐in‐differences strategy to estimate the effects of JUNTOS, a conditional cash transfer program targeted to poor rural households in Peru, on use of prenatal care. Using data from the Peruvian Demographic and Health Surveys over the period 2000–2011, they find that JUNTOS increased prenatal care utilization among program‐eligible women. Even more, they […]
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JournalRevista Económica, Sociedad y Estadística
Relación entre embarazo adolescente y maternidad adolescente y resultados educativos y laborales: una aproximación a partir de datos de la ENDES
2018
The present study has three objectives. First, to document the prevalence of teenage pregnancy at the national level, by area of residence, natural region and by department between 2012 and 2017. Second, to measure the association between teenage motherhood and educational and labour outcomes in the short term (between the ages of 15 and 19) […]
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JournalOxford Development Studies
Smarter through social protection? Evaluating the impact of Ethiopia’s safety-net on child cognitive abilities
2018
Ethiopia’s productive safety net is the second largest Social Protection Program in sub-Saharan Africa and has been rolled out to almost 10 million beneficiaries since 2005; its effects are therefore of general interest. We provide the first estimates of its impact on children’s cognitive abilities. To identify impacts of this program, we exploit four rounds […]
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¿Por qué no funcionan los programas alimentarios y nutricionales en el Perú?: riesgos y oportunidades para su reforma
Investigación, políticas y desarrollo en el Perú2007Lorena Alcazar,
This paper explores, through a review of studies on the subject, some hypotheses that try to explain the common characteristics of food programmes that may be hindering the fulfilment of their objectives. As we shall see, it is not only a question of limited resources, but also of overlapping areas of intervention, problems in the […]
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Peru: is identifying the poor the main problem in reaching them with nutrional programs
Reaching the poor with health, nutrition, and population services: what works, what doesn' t, and why2005Martin Valdivia,
This chapter benefited from comments by two reviewers and by participants at the World Bank conference "Reaching the Poor with Effective Health, Nutrition, and Population Services: What Works, What Doesn't, and Why?"
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Opportunity to learn mathematics among Aymara-, Quechua- and Spanish- speaking rural and urban fourth- and fifth-graders in Puno, Peru
Which way social justice in mathematics education2003Santiago Cueto, , ,
This chapter describes the opportunities to learn of a sample of students in Puno, Peru. The opportunities to learn were measured through an analysis of the notebooks of a sample of students in each classroom.
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Demanda inducida y ausentismo en los hospitales peruanos
Diagnóstico corrupción: el fraude en los hospitales públicos de América Latina2002Lorena Alcazar,
This chapter analyzes the relationship between institutional arrangements, incentives, and corruption in four Peruvian hospitals. It focuses on two particular types of corrupt practice: absenteeism by doctors and provision of unnecessary services (i.e., induced demand). One of the hospitals was operated in the private sector. Of the three public-sector hospitals, two were under the aegis […]
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Desayuno escolar y rendimiento escolar
Consecuencias de la desnutrición en el escolar peruano2002Santiago Cueto,
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Health and Nutrition en la categoría Policy brief
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Desayuno escolar y rendimiento: a propósito del programa de desayunos escolares de FONCODES en el Perú
1996, Santiago Cueto,
Este libro presenta al lector interesado en el desarrollo de programas sociales y en temas educacionales los resultados de dos estudios que evaluaron el impacto del Programa de Desayunos Escolares (PDE).
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Imaginemos un Perú mejor
1989
Artículos periodísticos escritos por el autor entre 1985 y 1988 para promover la diseminación de un enfoque de largo plazo en el pensamiento de quienes diseñan o ejecutan políticas de desarrollo.
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Health and Nutrition en la categoría Mimeo
Projects
News
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2022 Young Lives Peru Virtual Methodological Workshop: registration is open
February 3, 2022 Education and learning, Poverty and equality, Health and nutrition
Registration is open for the 2022 Young Lives Peru Virtual Methodological Workshop. For two weeks, participants will learn tools and knowledge to access and analyze the databases of the longitudinal study. The workshop mixes the experience of a multidisciplinary team with the significance of nearly twenty years of fieldwork throughout Peru. KEY DATES Registration: from […]
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Media GRADE, Opinion Article, GRADE frente al COVID-19
Two issues that prevent more vaccinations, by Hugo Ñopo
September 15, 2021 Health and nutrition
In his new op-ed in Jugo de Caigua, our Senior Researcher Hugo Ñopo shares his thoughts on the relevance of understanding two structural problems of vaccine demand —reading comprehension and time availability— to help design better active strategies.
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Opinion Article, GRADE frente al COVID-19, Media GRADE
Why have we had such poor health results in the face of COVID-19 ?, by Miguel Jaramillo and Kristian López
June 6, 2021 Health and nutrition
“The most lethal error of the first months of the pandemic was one made up of economics and epidemiology: the poor determination of the social value of the massification of diagnostic tests and contact tracing.” Miguel Jaramillo, senior researcher at GRADE, and Kristian López, director of LEEPS Laboratory, characterize the poor performance of the COVID ー […]
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Media GRADE, Comment, GRADE frente al COVID-19
International Potato Day: Eduardo Zegarra shares his opinion on the 2020 agrarian poverty figures reported by INEI
May 30, 2021 Rural development and agriculture, Health and nutrition
Regarding the agrarian poverty figures reported by the National Household Survey (ENAHO) 2020 of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), Eduardo Zegarra, senior researcher at GRADE, explains the problem of overproduction and dependence on industry food importation of inputs. Article of Convoca on the sidelines of the International Potato Day.
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Institutional News, GRADE frente al COVID-19
Hugo Ñopo has been appointed as member of CONCYTEC’s High-level Committee on COVID-19
May 14, 2021 Health and nutrition
Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher at GRADE, has been appointed member of the High Level Committee on COVID-19 of the National Council for Science, Technology and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC). In accordance with the Presidency Resolution No. 045-2021-CONCYTEC-P, this committee will be in charge of preparing a report that analyzes Peru’s performance in treating the COVID-19 pandemic […]
Events
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GRADE celebrates 40 years of foundation on the sidelines of Peru’s bicentennial
01/06/2020 → 30/06/2021 Urbanization and sustainable cities, Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Rural development and agriculture, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
When GRADE turned 35 in 2015, we researchers produced a set of research reports on key issues for the country’s development. These works, gathered in the book Research for development in Peru, sought to satisfy the demand for knowledge aimed at fostering a more informed debate on public policy in Peru. In the foreword of the publication, Javier […]
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Ethos y GRADE will organize a webinar about GMOs and food security. Eduardo Zegarra will join as a discussant
28/08/2020 10:00 am Evento virtual Rural development and agriculture, Health and nutrition
GMOs have appeared since the nineties as one of the solutions to feed a growing population, to significantly increase the productivity of agriculture, to genetically redesign seeds to improve certain characteristics, ranging from nutrients, to resistance to pests and varied climates, and more. What has happened to these promises in recent decades? What have been […]
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GRADE joins Ojo Público and UPCH Health Innovation Lab as partners of the #MITCOVID19Challenge Latin America vs. COVID-19
19/06/2020 → 21/06/2020 Evento virtual Urbanization and sustainable cities, Employment, productivity and innovation, Health and nutrition
GRADE joins Ojo Público and the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia’s Health Innovation Lab as partners of the MIT COVID19 Challenge: Latin America vs. COVID-19. This 48-hour virtual hackathon will be focused on developing solutions that have a relevant impact in the short term in Latin America. In our role, we will be helping to define the challenge. The […]
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GRADE, IEP and Colat Antitabaco held a seminar on tax policy and demand for tobacco in Peru
23/04/2019 9:00 am - 11:30 am Auditorio de GRADE (Av. Almirante Grau 915, Barranco) Health and nutrition
The “Tax Policy and Demand for Tobacco in Peru” seminar, held by GRADE, the Peruvian Studies Institute (IEP) and the National Permanent Anti-Tobacco Control Commission (Colat) brought together forty specialists on health and tobacco control. The event began with the presentation of Oscar Boggio, national consultant for chronic diseases of the Pan American Health Organization, […]
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Martín Valdivia will share the research project “Demand sensitivity and tobacco taxes” at a MEF-GRADE-IEP seminar
12/03/2019 9:30 am - 12:00 pm Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (Jirón Lampa 274, Cercado de Lima) Health and nutrition
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE), and the Institute of Peruvian Studies (IEP) organize the academic seminar “Tax Policy and Demand for Tobacco”. Our senior researcher, Martín Valdivia, will share the research project “Demand sensitivity and tobacco taxes: a cross-sectional analysis” (visit the project’s Twitter account). Next, […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities
