Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María Balarin is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) in Peru. Her research explores the political economy of education reform and educational justice in the Global South, with a particular focus on gender dynamics and socioeconomic exclusion. She has examined how state weakness shapes education reforms, the processes of […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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Propuesta de fortalecimiento del Proyecto Educativo Regional de Ayacucho y Huánuco
2012 Carmela Chávez, Renata Bregaglio
This document is a road map to facilitate understanding and implementation of the Regional Education Project (PER) in the regions of Ayacucho and Huánuco. In this sense, the document seeks first to point out some problems or inadequacies detected in the PER. Secondly, the document proposes a new order or structure for the PER which, […]
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New Century, Old Disparities : Gender and Ethnic Earnings Gaps in Latin America and the Caribbean
2012 Hugo Ñopo
Despite sustained economic growth at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, Latin America and the Caribbean still faces high inequality and weak indicators of well-being among certain population groups. Women, people of African ancestry, and indigenous peoples are often at the bottom of the income distribution. The share of […]
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Gender earning gaps around the world: a study of 64 countries
2012 Hugo Ñopo, Nancy Daza, Johanna Ramos
The purpose of this paper is to analyze gender disparities in labor earnings for a comprehensive set of 64 countries. Design/methodology/approach – Using the methodological approach proposed by Ñopo, socio-demographic characteristics are used to match males and females such that gender earnings disparities are computed only among individuals with the same observable characteristics. Findings – […]
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JournalWorld Development
Detecting Gender and Racial Discrimination in Hiring Through Monitoring Intermediation Services: The Case of Selected Occupations in Metropolitan Lima, Peru
2012 Martín Moreno, Hugo Ñopo, Maximo Torero
Inspired by audit studies methodology, the authors monitored a job intermediation service in Peru to detect gender and racial discrimination in hiring. The authors capture individual racial information using the approach of Ñopo, Saavedra, and Torero (2007), enabling a richer exploration of racial differences. Overall, the study finds discriminatory treatment in hiring only when comparing groups […]
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La situación de la educación en Ayacucho: una mirada desde el enfoque basado en los derechos humanos
Educación y conflicto armado ¡Nunca más!: una reflexión desde Ayacucho, a propósito del Informe de Seguimiento a EPT 2011. "Una crisis encubierta: educación y conflicto armado"2011 Carmela Chávez
A general overview is shown, with the main educational indicators in the region, both quantitative and qualitative. It was found that Ayacucho is slightly below the national average. Also, among the most relevant findings, it was found that for the educational community the biggest problem has to do with the figure of the teacher and […]
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Projects
News
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Crean grupo para incluir variable étnica en censo del 2017
February 5, 2013 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
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GRADE coorganiza y participa en el Seminario Regional “Hacia los Censos Nacionales de Colombia (2015) y Perú (2017) desde una Perspectiva Étnica: Retos y Desafíos”
January 30, 2013 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
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Santiago Cueto presentó conferencia magistral en el IV Congreso Iberoamericano y IX Congreso Nacional de Profesionales y Estudiantes de Psicología
October 26, 2012 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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Santiago Cueto fue moderador en el IV Foro Nacional “Interculturalidad, bilingüismo y ciudadanía” del IPEBA
October 25, 2012 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in Español.
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Se discutieron políticas públicas de atención en educación a niñas, niños y adolescentes en evento de UNICEF y la Mesa de Concertación para la Lucha contra la Pobreza
September 21, 2012 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
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Events
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities






