Eduardo Zegarra Méndez
Senior Researcher
PhD in Agricultural and Applied Economics - University of Wisconsin
ezegarra@grade.org.pe
Eduardo Zegarra is an economist from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru and has a PhD in Agricultural and Applied Economics from the University of Wisconsin, specializing in rural development and natural resource management. His dissertation explores the workings and failures of the water market in Chile.
He has researched and published on a wide variety of topics, such as land and water management in Peruvian agriculture, the workings of agricultural markets and institutions providing agricultural services, risk management and market failures. He has also led impact evaluations into large-scale public sector projects in Peru, such as the Special Land Titling Program (PETT), the Sub-sectorial Irrigation Program (PSI), the social fund FONCODES and the agricultural health development program PRODESA of the SENASA. He has participated in consultancies on agricultural and rural issues in Honduras, the Dominican Republic, Colombia and Nicaragua. He possesses extensive experience in the design, implementation and analysis of economic-productive surveys in rural and urban areas, and has held lecturing positions at the Catholic University and the La Molina Agrarian University, both in Peru. Between 2001 and 2003, he was the General Manager of Agricultural Information for the Ministry of Agriculture, where he was responsible for producing and disseminating agricultural statistics and for implementing the agricultural information system nationwide.
He has been a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 2004.
Publications
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Chapter in BookTransiciones, movilización ciudadana y cambios institucionales : lecciones desde territorios con minería a gran escala en el Perú, Colombia y Chile
Gran minería y transformaciones productivas en distritos mineros en el Perú: un análisis del periodo 2001-2019
2024 Eduardo Zegarra
In this context, the study of potential productive transformations in the territories under the influence of large-scale mining is a topic still little explored by specialized research. This may be due to the fact that these are long-term processes which, given their complexity, are difficult to measure in short periods of time, on which most […]
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JournalWorld Development
Global exports draining local water resources: land concentration, food exports and water grabbing in the Ica Valley (Peru)
2024 Andrea Pronti, Eduardo Zegarra, Dolores Rey Vicario, Anil Graves
The agro-export boom is threatening the sustainability of water resources in many regions around the world. This is the case of the Ica valley in Peru, where in the last decades traditional agriculture has been replaced by big agricultural businesses to meet the growing international food demand. This has led to increasing land concentration by […]
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Agricultura familiar en tiempos de crisis en Perú: diagnósticos y recomendaciones
2023 Eduardo Zegarra, Yeni Vásquez
The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of the global agrifood crisis on Peruvian family farming, as well as the policy responses and possible alternatives to address it, from the view of agrarian organizations and from a fiscal justice, food and climate perspective. This document presents a comprehensive, quantitative and qualitative assessment […]
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JournalRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
A novel modelling toolkit for unpacking the Water-Energy-Food-Environment (WEFE) nexus of agricultural development
2022 M.E. Correa-Cano, G. Salmoral, D. Rey, J.W. Knox, A. Graves, O. Melo, W. Foster, L. Naranjo, Eduardo Zegarra, C. Johnson, O. Viteri-Salazar, X. Yan
Increasing food demand has led to significant agricultural expansion globally with negative impacts on resources and the environment, a perfect manifestation of the Water-Energy-Food-Environment nexus. Whilst many tools have been developed to understand the complexity of the Water-Energy-Food-Environment nexus most have failed to explicitly consider biophysical and socio-economic aspects simultaneously. A novel Water-Energy-Food-Environment modelling toolkit […]
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JournalScience of The Total Environment
Water-related challenges in nexus governance for sustainable development: Insights from the city of Arequipa, Peru
2020 Gloria Salmoral, Eduardo Zegarra, Ian Vázquez-Rowe, Fernando González, Laureano del Castillo, Giuliana Rondón Saravia, Anil Graves, Dolores Rey, Jerry W. Knox
Peru has one of the fastest-growing economies in Latin America, but there are concerns regarding how long this can be sustained. Negative environmental impacts are increasing due to the pressures of a growing urban population and competition for natural resources. This study explores stakeholder perceptions linked to nexus governance in the context of integrated management […]
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Agricultura familiar en tiempos de crisis en Perú: diagnósticos y recomendaciones
2023 Eduardo Zegarra, Yeni Vásquez
The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of the global agrifood crisis on Peruvian family farming, as well as the policy responses and possible alternatives to address it, from the view of agrarian organizations and from a fiscal justice, food and climate perspective. This document presents a comprehensive, quantitative and qualitative assessment […]
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La gestión del agua desde el punto de vista del Nexo entre el agua, la energía y la alimentación en el Perú: estudio de caso del valle de Ica
2018 Eduardo Zegarra
El presente estudio utiliza el enfoque del Nexo entre el agua, la energía y la alimentación para analizar las interacciones entre actores públicos y privados en el valle de Ica, ubicado a 300 kilómetros al sur de Lima, Perú. Esto se realiza presentando un diagnóstico del marco institucional para la gestión del agua e indagando sobre la forma […]
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Diagnosis on the situation and potential of irrigation sector in Nicaragua
2016 Eduardo Zegarra, Orlando Chirinos
Nicaragua ha tenido una importante expansión de la superficie provista para riego en las últimas dos décadas. No obstante, la superficie irrigada ha tenido una importancia limitada y fluctuante en las últimas cinco décadas, llegando a cubrir entre un mínimo de 1% (a principios de los 1960s y 1990s) y un máximo 6% (fines de los 1980s y en […]
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Shock de precios y vulnerabilidad alimentaria de los hogares peruanos
2009 Eduardo Zegarra, Jorge Tuesta
En el estudio se cuantifica los efectos económicos del súbito aumento de los precios de alimentos en los hogares peruanos durante 2007-2008 e identifica a los hogares en situación de vulnerabilidad alimentaria.
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Titling, credit constraints, and rental markets in rural Peru: exploring channels and conditioned impacts
2008 Eduardo Zegarra, Javier Escobal, Úrsula Aldana
This paper constructs a baseline and pursues an overall impact evaluation of the PETT (Programa Especial de Titulación de Tierras), an ambitious rural titling program created in Peru in 1992.
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JournalWorld Development
Global exports draining local water resources: land concentration, food exports and water grabbing in the Ica Valley (Peru)
2024 Andrea Pronti, Eduardo Zegarra, Dolores Rey Vicario, Anil Graves
The agro-export boom is threatening the sustainability of water resources in many regions around the world. This is the case of the Ica valley in Peru, where in the last decades traditional agriculture has been replaced by big agricultural businesses to meet the growing international food demand. This has led to increasing land concentration by […]
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JournalRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
A novel modelling toolkit for unpacking the Water-Energy-Food-Environment (WEFE) nexus of agricultural development
2022 M.E. Correa-Cano, G. Salmoral, D. Rey, J.W. Knox, A. Graves, O. Melo, W. Foster, L. Naranjo, Eduardo Zegarra, C. Johnson, O. Viteri-Salazar, X. Yan
Increasing food demand has led to significant agricultural expansion globally with negative impacts on resources and the environment, a perfect manifestation of the Water-Energy-Food-Environment nexus. Whilst many tools have been developed to understand the complexity of the Water-Energy-Food-Environment nexus most have failed to explicitly consider biophysical and socio-economic aspects simultaneously. A novel Water-Energy-Food-Environment modelling toolkit […]
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JournalScience of The Total Environment
Water-related challenges in nexus governance for sustainable development: Insights from the city of Arequipa, Peru
2020 Gloria Salmoral, Eduardo Zegarra, Ian Vázquez-Rowe, Fernando González, Laureano del Castillo, Giuliana Rondón Saravia, Anil Graves, Dolores Rey, Jerry W. Knox
Peru has one of the fastest-growing economies in Latin America, but there are concerns regarding how long this can be sustained. Negative environmental impacts are increasing due to the pressures of a growing urban population and competition for natural resources. This study explores stakeholder perceptions linked to nexus governance in the context of integrated management […]
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JournalDevelopment in Practice
Assessing the impacts of a peer-to-peer training programme for women in Peru
2018 Eduardo Zegarra, Angie Higuchi, Ricardo Vargas
This article reports on research that aimed to assess the economic and social impacts of a peer-to-peer training programme targeted to women in Peru, looking at overall and differentiated impacts according to design features, on a sample of 300 women in participant and non-participant communities. The study found significant positive impacts on women’s time devoted […]
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JournalEconomía y Sociedad
Impactos del programa Juntos en las decisiones productivas de los hogares rurales del Perú
2015 Eduardo Zegarra
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Gran minería y transformaciones productivas en distritos mineros en el Perú: un análisis del periodo 2001-2019
Transiciones, movilización ciudadana y cambios institucionales : lecciones desde territorios con minería a gran escala en el Perú, Colombia y Chile2024 Eduardo Zegarra
In this context, the study of potential productive transformations in the territories under the influence of large-scale mining is a topic still little explored by specialized research. This may be due to the fact that these are long-term processes which, given their complexity, are difficult to measure in short periods of time, on which most […]
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Cambios en la agricultura y deforestación en la selva peruana: análisis basado en el IV Censo Agropecuario
Agricultura peruana: nuevas miradas desde el censo agropecuario2015 Eduardo Zegarra, Juan Pablo Gayoso
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Seguridad alimentaria: una propuesta de política para el próximo gobierno
Opciones de política económica en el Perú 2011-20152010 Eduardo Zegarra
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Hacia un nuevo esquema de fijación de tarifas de agua para fines agrarios en la costa del Perú
Gestión Integrada de Recursos Hídricos. Instrumentos Financieros y Económicos2010 Eduardo Zegarra
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Crecimiento agrícola, pobreza y desigualdad en el Perú rural
Boom agrícola, pobreza y desigualdad en el Perú rural2009 Eduardo Zegarra, Jorge Tuesta
Este estudio muestra que el "boom agrícola" ocurrido durante la última década en algunas áreas de la agricultura peruana ha tenido impactos limitados en la reducción de la pobreza rural.
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Reforma del agua y competitividad / Las diferencias de género en los mercados de trabajo peruano
2005 Eduardo Zegarra, Hugo Ñopo
Reforma del agua y competitividad: la necesidad de una nueva estrategia / Las diferencias de género en los mercados de trabajo peruano.
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Agricultura peruana: nuevas miradas desde el Censo Agropecuario
2015 Javier Escobal, Ricardo Fort, Eduardo Zegarra
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Economía del agua: conceptos y aplicaciones para una mejor gestión
2014 Eduardo Zegarra
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Investigación, políticas y desarrollo en el Perú
2007 Eduardo Zegarra, Veronica Minaya, Javier Escobal, Carmen Ponce, Juana Kuramoto, Manuel Glave, Lorena Alcazar, Miguel Jaramillo, Hugo Ñopo, Juan Jose Diaz, Nancy Birdsall, Rachel Menezes, Maximo Torero, José Deustua, Manuel Hernández, Santiago Cueto, Martín Benavides, Juan Leon, Martin Valdivia, Nestor Valdivia
Este libro recoge las Mimeos presentadas en la conferencia Investigación, políticas y desarrollo, realidad en el marco del 25 aniversario del Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo.
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Crédito por ONGs: diagnóstico sobre situación de cartera (seis casos-Perú)
1998 Eduardo Zegarra, Maria Julia Méndez
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Auge agroexportador en el Perú: un análisis de sobrevivencia de productos y empresas
2019 Eduardo Zegarra
This study presents a survival analysis for products and firms in the agroexport boom of Peru in the last three decades. The main goal is to identify explanatory factors which can be useful for public policies. The findings support strategies of scaling up and diversifying export markets, with a promotion role for the State in […]
Projects
- Final evaluation of the cooperative development program “Strengthening the competitiveness of farmers’ cooperatives”.June 2024
- Final Evaluation of the “Project to Improve the Levels of Productive Innovation at the National Level” – FINCYT IIIApril 2024
- Methodological guidelines for long-term ex-post evaluationMay 2023
- Promotion and strengthening of proposals from civil society organizations for inclusive and sustainable development initiatives in mining regions of Colombia, Peru and Chile.January 2022
- Design and implementation of a performance index for public investment management at the three levels of governmentOctober 2020
- Transition initiatives towards models of sustainable territorial development in territories with large-scale miningOctober 2020
- Agro-export boom and diversification in Peru: an analysis of survival of products and companiesAugust 2018
- Nexus approach for the sustainable use of water, food, energy and the environment / NEXT-AGJuly 2018
- Ex ante economic evaluation of the Bolivia Resilient in the face of Climate Risk ProgramsMay 2017
- Evaluation of the IFAD Country ProgramMarch 2017
Media
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Eduardo Zegarra shares his opinion on the implications of the Chlimper Law. Via the Regional Communication Network
December 5, 2024 Rural development and agriculture
“Between 4000-5000 companies, for example, are under the agrarian regime, but only 150 receive more than 92% of the tax benefits of this rule. There is no benefit for family agriculture, which is often at the subsistence level, because it basically does not pay income tax”. Eduardo Zegarra, senior researcher at GRADE, comments on the […]
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Eduardo Zegarra shares his opinion on the new agrarian law. Via Caretas
December 5, 2024 Rural development and agriculture
Eduardo Zegarra, Senior Researcher at GRADE, warns that “the new agrarian law approved by the Agrarian Commission of Congress could cost the State close to S/20,000 million in a period of ten years, from 2025 to 2035”. Read the complete article in Caretas here.
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Eduardo Zegarra on Radio Nacional: “Piura’s agriculture cannot use water”.
November 29, 2024
“Right now, agriculture in Piura cannot use the water, which could lead to a rather complicated agricultural crisis. But it is not only that, but also the consumers themselves in Piura, Sullana and other cities would run out of water in the coming weeks.” Our senior researcher Eduardo Zegarra gave his opinion on the water […]
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Eduardo Zegarra opina sobre la Inseguridad Alimentaria en el Perú
October 16, 2024 Health and nutrition
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Eduardo Zegarra in the regional newspaper El Búho: the Peruvian agriculture situation
June 28, 2024 Rural development and agriculture
“We have a technological challenge to develop better food. Peru produces high quality food. Our family farming has the capacity to produce quite nutritious food, but its productivity is low. In many cases, producers have to take refuge in low value-added products and low income generation. We have to break this trap of low productivity […]
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Decapitalization of Peruvian small-scale farming, by Eduardo Zegarra
January 2, 2024 Rural development and agriculture
“The overall picture is that of a small-scale farming with declining trends in critical assets (value of livestock stock), but especially in access to fundamental services, with declining access to titling, training, credit and technical assistance, which do not reach more than 10% of farmers nationwide.” In his new article for Noticias SER, our Senior […]
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The agrarian crisis and Castillo’s goverment, by Eduardo Zegarra
September 19, 2022 Rural development and agriculture
“The announced second agrarian reform, initially thought of as a proposal for profound changes in the way of governing to guide comprehensive policies and budget resources towards the forgotten family farming, has become a slogan almost devoid of any concrete content”. Our Senior Researcher Eduardo Zegarra writes about the agrarian crisis and the challenges facing the new minister of agriculture Jenny Ocampo. […]
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Effect of the agrarian labor regime on the remuneration of unskilled workers and workers, by Eduardo Zegarra
May 5, 2022 Rural development and agriculture
“The extreme flexibility of the contracts (temporary terms), as well as the very low capacity for unionization and collective bargaining of wages, mean much lower incomes for workers than those they could receive if they enjoyed the same rights as their peers in the regime. general or civil construction regime”. We share the article by […]
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Opinion Article, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
The Agrarian Law in Limbo, Where to Go?, by Eduardo Zegarra
December 21, 2020 Rural development and agriculture
“The responsibility for this crisis is there, not in the workers who are desperate and have been harmed by this situation for so long. We hope that this time Congress and the Executive do realize that the most urgent thing is to solve this problem with measures that we believe are viable and make economic […]
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Opinion Article, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
Sagasti’s administration and the agrarian agenda in the pandemic, by Eduardo Zegarra
November 25, 2020 Rural development and agriculture
“It is no small thing that the new government administration must face in the midst of a pandemic. […] Peruvian agriculture deserves a change of course now, with a vision of development and attention to the needs of our more than two million family farmers For the good of the country, we hope and hope […]
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Eduardo Zegarra shares his opinion on the new agrarian law. Via Caretas
December 5, 2024 Rural development and agriculture
Eduardo Zegarra, Senior Researcher at GRADE, warns that “the new agrarian law approved by the Agrarian Commission of Congress could cost the State close to S/20,000 million in a period of ten years, from 2025 to 2035”. Read the complete article in Caretas here.
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Eduardo Zegarra’s shares his thoughts on access to drinking water in Lima via Le Monde
April 3, 2024 Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
“Of course Sedapal could connect these areas to the public network, but it would be extremely costly and they have very few resources. So there is little political interest, these areas are not a priority.” Eduardo Zegarra, senior researcher at GRADE, writes in the newspaper Le Monde about the water problem in Lima that mainly […]
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Eduardo Zegarra shares his thoughts about the demands of farmers due to Majes Siguas II project
March 25, 2024 Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
“Majes Siguas has unaddressed conflicts, some of them with the communities where the water is taken from or issues related with land distribution”. Our Senior Researcher Eduardo Zegarra shares his thoughts about the demands of farmers in Caylloma, Arequipa, due to the Majes Siguas II irrigation project. Read the full article in Ojo Público here.
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Eduardo Zegarra shares his thoughts in a Spanish TV channel laSexta reportage on the jam in Panama Canal
August 28, 2023 Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
“Panama is a country where rainfall is very intense, it is tropical climate country and they are going through a rain scarcity, a drought that has been going on for two or three years”. Eduardo Zegarra, Senior Researcher at GRADE, joined a Spanish news channel laSexta reportage about the ship traffic jam in Panama Canal.
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Eduardo Zegarra discusses in El País the drought affecting Panama Canal
August 24, 2023 Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
According to Eduardo Zegarra, climate change is the main cause of the problems in the Panama Canal, but it is not the only one: “There is a serious problem with the very inefficient use of water for human consumption in Panama City. The rates paid by the population are quite low. They do not even […]
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Eduardo Zegarra shares his opinion on the implications of the Chlimper Law. Via the Regional Communication Network
December 5, 2024 Rural development and agriculture
“Between 4000-5000 companies, for example, are under the agrarian regime, but only 150 receive more than 92% of the tax benefits of this rule. There is no benefit for family agriculture, which is often at the subsistence level, because it basically does not pay income tax”. Eduardo Zegarra, senior researcher at GRADE, comments on the […]
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Eduardo Zegarra on Radio Nacional: “Piura’s agriculture cannot use water”.
November 29, 2024
“Right now, agriculture in Piura cannot use the water, which could lead to a rather complicated agricultural crisis. But it is not only that, but also the consumers themselves in Piura, Sullana and other cities would run out of water in the coming weeks.” Our senior researcher Eduardo Zegarra gave his opinion on the water […]
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Eduardo Zegarra in the regional newspaper El Búho: the Peruvian agriculture situation
June 28, 2024 Rural development and agriculture
“We have a technological challenge to develop better food. Peru produces high quality food. Our family farming has the capacity to produce quite nutritious food, but its productivity is low. In many cases, producers have to take refuge in low value-added products and low income generation. We have to break this trap of low productivity […]
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Eduardo Zegarra: Urban-rural relations in Latin America
April 29, 2024 Rural development and agriculture
“For me, the most serious aspect of rural depression is that it expels young people and decapitalizes the rural producers’ sector and makes it unviable. While we can say that the urban-rural relationship has increased, the assymetries and disadvantages for rural dwellers have also increased”. Our senior researcher Eduardo Zegarra shares his thoughts on the evolution […]
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Eduardo Zegarra on A Pensar Más with Rosa María Palacios: an outlook of Peruvian agriculture and food price increases
September 5, 2023 Rural development and agriculture, Health and nutrition
“Basically three processes have aggravated the agricultural crisis. First COVID, then the fertilizer crisis, very poorly managed, and the last has been the climate crisis, with a drought in the highlands and the coastal El Niño. If you add all this up, agricultural production has fallen 5% in the first six months of this year, […]
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Eduardo Zegarra opina sobre la Inseguridad Alimentaria en el Perú
October 16, 2024 Health and nutrition
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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An op-ed by Richard Webb cites Eduardo Zegarra’s estimation of land reconcentration
July 22, 2019 Rural development and agriculture
The recent article by Richard Webb, director at the San Martin de Porres University’s Institute of Peru, “Harvesting figures”, addresses the influence of two figures related to agriculture: one in regard of the origin of the agrarian reform and another in regard to the growth of the agricultural sector during the last two centuries. Regarding the first figure, […]
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La economía del agua o la economía sin agua. Artículo de América Economía recoge conclusiones de libro de Eduardo Zegarra
April 25, 2016 Rural development and agriculture, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Economía del agua
January 19, 2016 Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Juntos y la producción agropecuaria. Carolina Trivelli reflexiona sobre resultados de estudio de GRADE
December 1, 2015 Rural development and agriculture, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
Presentations
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Guerra, crisis agraria y alimentaria en el Perú
Hotel Meliá, 4 August, 2022
Presentación de Eduardo Zegarra en conversatorio de CooperAcción y RedGE Peru sobre los impactos del conflicto Rusia-Ucrania en América Latina y el Perú.
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Efectos dinámicos del programa Juntos en decisiones productivas de los hogares rurales del Perú
MIDIS, 26 August, 2016
Diálogo Ministerial MIDIS-CIES