Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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La situación educativa de las niñas, niños y adolescentes afroperuanos: una mirada al acceso, resultados y entornos educativos
2021 Juan Leon,
One of the main barriers in our country (and in others countries) to portraying the socioeconomic situation of the Afro-descendant population is the lack of information disaggregated by ethnic group. This article presents the educational situation of Afro-Peruvian girls, boys, and adolescents and provides recommendations to continue developing studies that allow information to be disaggregated […]
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“Aló, tengo un problema”: evaluación de impacto de la Línea 100 del Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables
2021 Wilson Hernández, Jennie Dador, Mónica de los Milagros Cassaretto
El objetivo central de esta propuesta es evaluar el impacto de la Línea 100 del MIMP y un combo de dos mejoras dirigidas a atender dos debilidades centrales de la Línea 100: (1) un nuevo protocolo de atención de llamadas y (2) un programa de tratamiento del estrés laboral para las operadoras (burnout y estrés […]
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¿Reinserción y permanencia en el mercado laboral con equidad de género?: el Servicio Cuidado Diurno en madres jóvenes
2021 Gabriela Arrunategui, Micaela Giesecke
Durante las últimas dos décadas, las mujeres peruanas han ganado derechos en diferentes ámbitos de la vida social, política y económica (Benavente y Valdés, 2014; Sara-lafosse, 2009). La inserción de la fuerza laboral femenina representa para ellas un logro en su autonomía económica (Irigaray, 1992; Lupica, 2015). Aquellas que son madres, sin embargo, enfrentan penalizaciones […]
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JournalJournal of Interpersonal Violence
Bullying victimization among peruvian children: the predictive role of parental maltreatment
2021 Martín Benavides, Juan Leon, Jimena Stuart, Diana La Riva
Bullying among schoolchildren is increasingly being recognized as a major problem. Although previous studies have examined parental maltreatment as a risk factor for bullying, the evidence on this topic remains limited in Latin America. The aim of this study was then to measure the prevalence of bullying victimization among a nationally representative sample of Peruvian […]
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Transversalización del enfoque de género en organizaciones y proyectos sociales: Definiciones y orientaciones básicas
2020 Guadalupe Pérez Recalde
This document is aimed especially at representatives of civil society organizations involved in the design and implementation of social projects in Peru. Its objectives are: Provide access to definitions and guidelines on the gender approach and its mainstreaming in social projects and organizations. To present fundamentals and tools for gender mainstreaming in the development of […]
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Gender Wage Gaps in Central American Countries: Evidence from a Non-Parametric Approach
2009,
The authors compares gender wage gaps for Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s using the non-parametric matching methodology introduced by Ñopo (2008), which allows an analysis not only of average gaps but also their distributions. While a simple comparison of average wages would suggest small or even negative […]
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New Century, Old Disparities: Gender and Ethnic Wage Gaps in Latin America
2009,
The paper surveys gender and ethnic wage gaps in 18 Latin American countries, decomposing differences using matching comparisons as a non-parametric alternative to the Blinder-Oaxaca (BO) decomposition. It is found that men earn 9-27 percent more than women, with high cross-country heterogeneity. The unexplained pay gap is higher among older, informal and self-employed workers and […]
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Happiness and Beliefs in Criminal Environments
2009,
The paper uses newly available data to describe the distribution of crime victimization and other criminal activities (including drug trafficking and corruption) around the world. The paper then documents a negative (positive) correlation between measures of criminal activity and happiness and measures of positive (negative) emotions. The paper also studies the correlation between ideological beliefs […]
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Gender and Racial Wage Gaps in Brazil 1996-2006: Evidence Using a Matching Comparisons Approach
2009
The authors explores the evolution of Brazilian wage gaps by gender and skin color over a decade (1996-2006), using the matching comparison methodology developed by Ñopo (2008). In Brazil, racial wage gaps are more pronounced than those found along the gender divide, although both noticeably decreased over the course of the last decade. The decomposition […]
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Do Welfare Programs Damage Interpersonal Trust? Experimental Evidence from Representative Samples for Four Latin American Cities
2009,
The authors argues that welfare programs are linked with the destruction of social capital, as measured by interpersonal trust in laboratory games. The paper employs experimental data for representative samples of individuals in four Latin American capital cities (Bogota, Lima, Montevideo, and San Jose), finding that participation in welfare programs damage trust. The result is […]
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JournalEconomic Development and Cultural Change
Ethnicity and Earnings in a Mixed-Race Labor Market
2007, Maximo Torero,
The study examines the relationship between earnings and racial differences in a context in which various races have coexisted and mixed during several centuries, as is true in many parts of the postcolonial world and specifically urban Peru. Coarse indicators of racial differences do not suffice in capturing this relationship; therefore, the authors introduce a score-based […]
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JournalAfrican Development Review
Selection and Reporting Bias in Household Surveys of Child Labor: Evidence from Tanzania
2007,
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JournalThe IUP Journal of Applied Economics
Working Within Confines: Occupational Segregation By Sex For Three Latin American Countries
2005,
The paper assesses the evolution of occupational segregation by sex using comparable data sets for Costa Rica, Ecuador and Uruguay over the 1989-1997 period. The authors estimate segregation indices using two-digit occupational categories for the entire employed labor force and also for sub-samples with different levels of educational attainment. Using a re-sampling technique, the authors estimate […]
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The Gender Wage Gap in Peru 1986-2000: Evidence from a Matching Comparisons Approach
2004,
Applying the methodology developed in Ñopo (2004), the author analyze the evolution of the gender wage gap in Peru from 1986 to 2000. The advantage of such methodology is two-fold. First, it recognizes that the supports of observable characteristics distributions differ substantially. Second, it provides deeper insights regarding the distribution of the unexplained gender differences […]
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Projects
News
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Teenage childbearing as inequality, by Wilson Hernández
October 15, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Teenage mothers are concentrated in certain areas of Lima. Not only that. In addition, living in a neighborhood where there is a pregnant adolescent increases the probability of becoming such. This would be a kind of ‘social contagion’ in an environment that also normalizes motherhood when it is not very high in the neighborhood. ” […]
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“Such things don’t happen to a young lady”, by Wilson Hernández
October 7, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Machismo is a headless monster. It is everywhere and nowhere. School and family are pointed out as spaces to change the way we conceive women and men. But what roles should the media play? of communication before comments to their news that blame the victims of the aggressions they suffer? “. In his new op-ed for […]
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Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19, Reference
Lorena Alcázar joined a CIES-UNDP dialogue on the transformative role of young people in the pandemic. Note from La Mula
September 30, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“A dropout shock in education is going to be an important determinant that in the future young people have a higher probability of having a precarious job.” Lorena Alcázar was one of the panelists of the virtual dialogue held by the Consortium for Economic and Social Research and the United Nations Development Program Peru on youth and […]
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As economy, crime reboots, by Wilson Hernández
September 15, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Just as many sellers now seek to recover what was lost by changing their line of business or charging a premium, criminals act under a similar logic of reactivation that I summarize into three dimensions: recover what was lost (commit crimes more frequently), diversify their criminal activities (and not only theft of cell phones, but wallets, […]
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Hugo Ñopo in La República: Why is the pandemic hitting the women’s economy more?
September 13, 2020 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“There are signs of recovery in male employment, but not female. There are two great forces behind it. On the one hand, the sectors where women worked in a greater proportion are recovering slowly. On the other, greater domestic responsibilities limit the ability to reintegrate into work. Women’s “. Our senior researcher Hugo Ñopo explains why […]
Events
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Hugo Ñopo will be a speaker at UNDP Peru and MIMP “COVID Scenarios: Women in the workplace, an unequal relationship”
10/07/2020 9:00 am Evento virtual Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher of GRADE, will be a speaker at the dialogue “COVID Scenarios: Women in the workplace, an unequal relationship”, organized by UNDP Peru and the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations of Peru. Comments by Carolina Trivelli, principal investigator of the Institute of Peruvian Studies, and Diana Gutiérrez, manager of the UNDP Global […]
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Wilson Hernández will join a McGill WED Lab panel on Covid-19 and gender-based violence in the Global South
02/07/2020 9:00 am (Perú) Online event Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
COVID-19 has become an unprecedented global crisis. The pandemic and its associated economic crisis have exposed deep structural inequalities around the world, with disproportionate effects on women and girls. This webinar will discuss current issues around COVID-19 and gender based violence for women in the Global South. A diverse panel of experts from the worlds […]
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Lorena Alcazar was a panelist at Gender Matters: COVID-19 and the labour market in the Global South Webinar
28/05/2020 10:00 am - 11:00 am Evento online Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
As with other pandemics in recent history, women are particularly vulnerable. COVID-19 has further aggravated structural inequalities that systematically disadvantage women, specifically in the economic system. Economically, women are disproportionately impacted by the financial effects of the pandemic as the majority work in low-paid or informal jobs with few social protections. Around the globe, 740 […]
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Presentación del libro “Violencias contra las mujeres: la necesidad de un doble plural”
29/11/2019 5:30 pm - 8:00 p.m. Auditorio de GRADE (Av. Almirante Grau 915, Barranco) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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GRADE’s researchers at the 30th Annual CIES Research Seminar
04/11/2019 → 07/11/2019 8:00 am - 6:00 pm Hotel José Antonio Deluxe (Calle Bellavista 133, Miraflores) Rural development and agriculture, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes
Several of our researchers will be presenters and panelists at the 30th Annual Research Seminar of the Consortium of Economic and Social Research (CIES), on November 4-7 . The annual event will address the general topic “Towards the sustainability of development in Peru”. In addition, in this issue, GRADE is coorganizing the research session on youth employment and gender. AGENDA You may […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities