Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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JournalJournal of Health Economics
A drop of love? Rainfall shocks and spousal abuse: Evidence from rural Peru
2023 Juan Jose Diaz, Víctor Saldarriaga,
We investigate whether exposure to rainfall shocks affects the experience of physical intimate partner violence (P-IPV) among women in rural areas of the Peruvian Andes. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys over 2005–2014, we track changes in the probability that a woman experiences recent instances of P-IPV after being exposed to a rainfall […]
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Desigualdades y violencia de género. Balance de investigación 2016-2021 y agenda de investigación 2021-2026.
Balance de investigación 2016-2021 y agenda de investigación 2021-20262022 Jennie Dador, Wilson Hernández
A más de cuarenta años de la aprobación de la Convención para la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer y del reconocimiento constitucional de la igualdad entre los sexos en el Perú, es posible dar cuenta de un conjunto de avances normativos, del desarrollo de una institucionalidad especializada que incluye los […]
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Políticas públicas e interculturalidad en el Perú: ¿cómo avanzar en la agenda de la identificación étnica desde el Estado?
El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar2022 Nestor Valdivia
Valdivia’s essay offers some reflections on the progress and challenges of interculturality in Peru based on the use of the ethnic variable in the formulation of public policie
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Avances y desafíos en la prevención de la violencia contra los niños, niñas y adolescentes en el hogar: una deuda al Bicentenario
El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar2022 Gabriela Guerrero, Vanessa Rojas
This essay focuses on the analysis of violence against children and adolescents in the home, where they spend most of their time and which is not always a safe environment. The authors highlight the limited progress of policies against violence against children and adolescents in the home. They explain that this is mainly due to […]
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Una mirada crítica a las políticas públicas en materia de violencia de género contra las mujeres
El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar2022 Wilson Hernández
This essay critically analyzes public policies focused on intimate partner and intimate partner violence against women. The central argument is that the policies have privileged a top-down approach and in doing so have homogenized the target groups, relied on general statistics to describe them, and neglected the subnational context in charge of implementing such policies.
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El género y las trayectorias hacia la adultez en el Perú: educación, trabajo y maternidad/paternidad
2017
En este documento examinamos cómo el género afecta las trayectorias educativas, laborales y de maternidad/ paternidad de una muestra de jóvenes que crecen en situación de pobreza en el Perú. Reportamos los resultados y las trayectorias de 26 miembros de la cohorte mayor que participaron en la investigación cualitativa del estudio longitudinal Niños del Milenio […]
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Social protection systems and domestic violence in poor urban contexts: the case of San Juan de Lurigancho
2017
In Peru approximately four out of ten women has suffered from any kind of violence from their partners. In spite of the development of a social protection system in the country, according to the DHS, only 25% of women sought help. This problem of lack of access to the social protection system might be related […]
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Impacts of the Peruvian conditional cash transfer program on women empowerment: a quantitative and qualitative approach
2016
This study aims to identify the effects of the conditional cash transfer program of Peru, Juntos, on women’s empowerment. Although the program does not envisage women’s welfare as an objective per se, women play a key role as they are the main recipients of the cash transfer and are responsible for compliance with the program’s conditions and thus […]
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International Human Rights Protection: institutions and instruments
2014
The report is aimed at mapping out relevant institutions for the protection of human rights at the national, regional and international levels, including governmental as well as non-governmental organisations. It equally aims to present the instruments used at different levels, especially global and regional treaties as well as political agreements and non-binding instruments. Therefore, the report […]
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Madres e hijas maltratadas: La transmisión intergeneracional de la violencia doméstica en el Perú
2013,
Se revisó empíricamente la persistencia intergeneracional de la violencia doméstica sobre un análisis de regresión de probabilidad controlado por variables asociadas a las características personales, culturales y del entorno de residencia de la encuestada.
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JournalDevelopment in Practice
Assessing the impacts of a peer-to-peer training programme for women in Peru
2018
This article reports on research that aimed to assess the economic and social impacts of a peer-to-peer training programme targeted to women in Peru, looking at overall and differentiated impacts according to design features, on a sample of 300 women in participant and non-participant communities. The study found significant positive impacts on women’s time devoted […]
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JournalJournal of African Economies
Do Dreams Come True? Aspirations and Educational Attainments of Ethiopian Boys and Girls
2017
Authors use unique individual-level panel data from Ethiopia to investigate the role of aspirations for human-capital investments. More specifically, they investigate how parental and children’s aspirations form and document the relation between early aspirations and educational attainment at the age of 15 and 19. Researchers find that aspirations are predictive of the number of year of schooling completed upon controlling […]
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JournalAssessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice
Classroom composition and its association with students’ achievement and socioemotional characteristics in Peru
2016Santiago Cueto, Juan Leon,
School composition is a topic that has gained increasing attention from researchers over the past few years, as it has been found that the socio-economic characteristics of students are associated with their achievement. However, most research has been cross-sectional and carried out in industrialised countries. In the study, the authors use parental education as a […]
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JournalPolicy in Focus
Impacts of the Peruvian Conditional Cash Transfer Programme on women’s empowerment: a quantitative and qualitative approach
2015Lorena Alcazar,
The authors present the early findings from an ongoing evaluation that seeks to identify the impact of Peru’s Juntos programme on women’s empowerment. The study focuses on three empowerment dimensions: decision-making on household resources; freedom of movement; and gender roles and ideology (including perceptions of rights, rejection of male domination, and domestic violence).
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JournalJournal of Family Violence
The Co-Occurrence of Domestic and Child Violence in Urban Peru: Evidence from Three Regions
2015Martín Benavides, Juan Leon,
Using a unique dataset collected from three regions in Peru (Huancavelica, Lima and Loreto), this study explores the co-occurrence of domestic and child violence within households; that is, the situation where a victim of domestic violence (mother) becomes a perpetrator towards other family members (children) in the same household. Secondly, the study seeks to analyze […]
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Labor markets during 1990s
After the Washington Consensus: restarting growth and reform in Latin America2003
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A case study of Manthoc, the movement of working children in Peru
Old enough to work, old enough to have a say1998,
Principios de autonomía de Manthoc como organización, su afán por la representación de los niños, su orientación hacia el conjunto de niños parte de los movimientos de NATs e implementación de una metodología.
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Grandes unidades escolares y violencia: modelo para desarmar
Análisis de políticas: documentos sobre problemas educacionales en América Latina1997Martín Benavides,
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Comando sur: la metáfora de la familia y el poder de la tradición
Fútbol, identidad, violencia y racionalidad1994Martín Benavides,
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship en la categoría Policy brief
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Más alla de los promedios: afro descendientes en América Latina: pobreza, discriminación social e identidad el caso de la población afrodescendiente en Perú
2006Martín Benavides, Maximo Torero, Nestor Valdivia,
Se busca responder preguntas cruciales en torno a 3 temas: las percepciones de esta población sobre la discriminación y exclusión social; las características de su cultura y su identidad étnica; y su situación de pobreza.
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Imaginemos un Perú mejor
1989
Artículos periodísticos escritos por el autor entre 1985 y 1988 para promover la diseminación de un enfoque de largo plazo en el pensamiento de quienes diseñan o ejecutan políticas de desarrollo.
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship en la categoría Mimeo
Projects
- Ethnic-racial discrimination in health services in Guatemala: an audit study to evaluate the impacts of an intervention based on health rightsApril 2012 - March 2015
- Study about Afro-descendant children in PeruApril 2012 - October 2012
- Abused mothers and daughters: Inter-generational transmission of domestic violence in PeruNovember 2011
- Innovations in the race and ethnicity modules in the PRIDI (Regional Child Development Indicators Project): Paraguay, Ecuador and PeruJanuary 2011 - April 2011
- Health, violence and early years’ education demandJanuary 2011 - August 2011
- Situation of Afro-descendant childhood and adolescence in PeruJuly 2010 - December 2010
- Rethinking national history in the margins of the state: local narratives in times of conflicts and transformationFebruary 2010 - January 2011
- Study on the status of children and indigenous children in PeruMarch 2009 - November 2009
- Design of the impact assessment of the gender and microfinances projectMay 2008 - June 2008
- Court decentralization and domestic violence against womenApril 2008 - April 2009
News
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Wilson Hernández in Latina: To ban motorcycles or not?
February 20, 2022 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
INEI data show that 40% of money, wallet or cell phone thefts are committed on a motorcycle. 30% of these robberies, in mototaxi. In some cities of Colombia they prohibited carrying a companion on a motorcycle or even the circulation of it. That study revealed that “in effect crime is reduced, but it is very […]
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Wilson Hernández shares his opinion on the authorization of the Armed Forces to support the Police to fight crime
November 3, 2021 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Although the people of the Armed Forces can generate a sense of protection for us, they do not judge, they are not going to put anyone in jail, and, in reality, they are a very short-term solution to a problem that is structural in the Callao and other parts of the country”. Our adjunct researcher Wilson Hernández […]
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Gender equity at work: what works and what doesn’t, by Hugo Ñopo, Sofía Hidalgo and Jerson Veliz
September 17, 2021 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
What works and what doesn’t to advance gender equality at work? The new article by Hugo Ñopo, Sofía Hidalgo and Jerson Veliz for the blog Foco Economico recounts various initiatives, the effectiveness of which has been documented in the literature.
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Military Service for NEETs: Policy Based on Prejudice or Evidence ?, by María Fernanda Rodríguez and Cristina Glave
August 12, 2021 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“The reasons that lead the vast majority of these young people to this situation are linked to structural problems such as job insecurity, poverty and gender inequalities.” Our Adjunct Researcher Maria Fernanda Rodríguez and Cristina Glave, associated at APOYO Consultoría, write in OjoPúblico about the fact that President Pedro Castillo announced in his inaugural speech that NEETs […]
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Hugo Ñopo’s opinion in The Washington Post on the announcement of compulsory military service for NEETs
August 11, 2021 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
In regard of President Castillo’s proposal to make military service compulsory for young people who are neither working nor studying, Hugo Ñopo, Senior Researcher at GRADE, warns that two thirds of those likely to be eligible for military service would actually be women, and that a draft could lead to the abuse of indigenous and […]
Events
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GRADE’s researchers join the CIES Research Seminar on social policies
16/06/2021 → 17/06/2021 10:30 am Zoom CIES Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
On Thursday 17th, our adjunct researcher Wilson Hernández will present “Impact of Line 100 of the MIMP”, as part of the research seminar on social policies of the Consortium for Economic and Social Research (CIES). Hugo Ñopo, Senior Researcher at GRADE, will join the discussion panel. On Wednesday 16, Gabriela Arrunátegui, former GRADE’s research assistant, and Micaela Giesecke […]
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Vanessa Rojas will be a speaker at a dialogue for adolescence free of marriage
28/05/2021 4:00 pm Facebook del Grupo Interdisciplinario de Familias Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Vanessa Rojas, associated researcher at GRADE, will be a speaker at the dialogue on Adolescence free of marriage: Let’s eradicate adolescent marriage and / or early unions from the age of 14, organized by the PUCP Interdisciplinary Family Group, International Plan, UNFPA, Academic Forum, WILA, Learning Together and the UNMSM Human Rights Circle. Vanessa will present […]
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GRADE researchers at LASA 2021, Global crisis, inequalities and the centrality of life
25/05/2021 → 29/05/2021 Web de LASA Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our researchers Vanessa Rojas and Wilson Hernández will be speakers at the international virtual congress of the Latin American Studies Association LASA 2021, organized from May 26 to 29. According to the Congress website, under the theme Global crisis, inequalities and the centrality of life, the event will be a meeting for reflection and exchange […]
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Vanessa Rojas will be speaker at a MIMP dialogue on violence-free parenting practices for healthy family functioning
20/05/2021 9:00 am Zoom del MIMP Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Vanessa Rojas, associated researcher at GRADE, will share the study “Experiences of violence throughout the life cycle. Evidence from the longitudinal study Young Lives Peru”, as part of a Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations (MIMP) dialogue on violence-free parenting practices for healthy family functioning. The aim of the event is to sensitize both women and men regarding […]
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Wilson Hernández and Walter Noel will share their studies on criminality and citizen insecurity at a CIES meeting
20/05/2021 10:00 am Facebook CIES Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our adjunct researcher, Wilson Hernández, will share his study (together with Lucía Dammert and Lilian Kanashiro from the University of Lima) “The perception of citizen insecurity: determinants and narratives”, as part of the Thursday of Researchers of the Consortium for the Economic and Social Research (CIES). Walter Noel, assistant researcher at GRADE, will share his study […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities