Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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JournalReview of Development Economics
Violence in pandemic times: the dynamic relationship between COVID-19 and intimate partner violence
2024 Wilson Hernández, Angelo Cozzubo, Jose Carlos Aguilar, Jorge Aguero, José Mendoza
Intimate partner violence (IPV) increased during the COVID-19 lockdown, but few studies use national data and explore underlying mechanisms. To address this gap, we study the changes in IPV during the first ten months of the pandemic in Peru. We study the number of calls received by the national helpline for domestic violence victims, Línea […]
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JournalViolence Against Women
Beyond the surface: intimate partner violence typology and recent depression
2024 Wilson Hernández, Jhon Ortega
Depression and intimate partner violence (IPV) are highly related. However, it is unclear what drives this relationship: the form of violence (psychological, physical, or sexual) or its severity. In this study, we first identify patterns of combined forms and severity of violence and then estimate the effects of IPV on depression. We use the DHS […]
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Unveiling barriers to women’s access to decent work in Peru.
2024 Lorena Alcazar, Fernando Távara, Shirley Huerta
Peru suffers from a serious gender inequality problem in the labor market that cannot be understood by considering employment rates alone. Rather, it is also necessary to analyze the conditions under which women participate in the labor market. This study seeks to identify economic, legal, and socio-cultural barriers that women face in accessing decent employment. […]
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Abordando los estereotipos de género y políticas públicas para facilitar el acceso a un trabajo decente en las mujeres en el Perú
2023 Lorena Alcazar, Fernando Távara, Shirley Huerta
A pesar de años de esfuerzos promoviendo la igualdad de género y cierto progreso, la desigualdad laboral entre mujeres y hombres persiste en el Perú. En 2022, un equipo de investigadores del PEP (Partnership for Economic Policy) analizó los factores detrás de esta persistente brecha y, más específicamente, las barreras que impiden el acceso de […]
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Edutainment, savings, and generational differences in rural areas of Peru
2023 Alberto Chong, Martin Valdivia
We wrote, produced, and implemented a randomized five-episode soap opera on financial inclusion targeted to women from poor, rural areas ravaged by terrorism in Peru. We go beyond measuring attitudes and perceptions but observe actual savings accounts using bank data. Older women, those who directly suffered from terrorist violence, respond very well and save more […]
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Unpacking the Post-lockdown Employment Recovery of Young Women in the Global South
2021
This paper analyses the difference in short-term employment recovery between young men and women in India, Peru and Vietnam following the national lockdowns imposed in all three countries during 2020. The authors employ a mediation model to establish whether – and to what extent – commonly suggested mechanisms are responsible for a relatively slower recovery among […]
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Transversalización del enfoque de género en organizaciones y proyectos sociales: Definiciones y orientaciones básicas
2020
This document is aimed especially at representatives of civil society organizations involved in the design and implementation of social projects in Peru. Its objectives are: Provide access to definitions and guidelines on the gender approach and its mainstreaming in social projects and organizations. To present fundamentals and tools for gender mainstreaming in the development of […]
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El Coronavirus y los retos para el trabajo de las mujeres en América Latina
2020
The Coronavirus pandemic has spread throughout the world and Latin America has not escaped its health, economic and social impacts. The economic strike resulting from a combination of astringent measures (self-quarantines, mandatory quarantines, limited capacity of people in commercial premises, factories and offices, border closures, etc.), is generating profound economic and social impacts. In the […]
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La inclusión educativa de NNA migrantes venezolanos en el Perú – una política que no se puede nombrar
2020
The education sector has identified the important and growing demand of foreign migrant families, and has reacted to this issue. However, a discourse and practice guaranteeing the right to education coexists with a marked absence of policies explicitly aimed at facilitating its educational inclusion. In this analysis paper, the authors address the educational inclusion of […]
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Factores asociados a la violencia de pareja contra mujeres: un enfoque departamental desde los patrones de victimización (ENDES 2008-2018)
2019
In Peru, violence against women is a problem of high and persistent prevalence. Despite this, little has been studied in the country and precisely due to two central limitations. On the one hand, research has used aggregated measures contributing to the image of a homogeneous profile’s victim that do not represent the subgroups of women […]
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JournalAustralian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology
Fear of crime examined through diversity of crime, social inequalities, and social capital: An empirical evaluation in Peru
2020
Latin America is a violent region where fear of crime is well spread but still not fully understood. Using multilevel methods for a large and subnational representative household survey, researchers assess the determinants of fear of crime in Peru, the country with the highest fear of crime and crime victimization in the region. Results show […]
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JournalThe World Bank Economic Review
Do Information Technologies Improve Teenagers’ Sexual Education? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Colombia
2020
This study reports results from a randomized evaluation of a mandatory six-month Internet-based sexual education course implemented across public junior high schools in 21 Colombian cities. Six months after finishing the course, the study finds a 0.4 standard deviation improvement in knowledge, a 0.2 standard deviation improvement in attitudes, and a 55 percent increase in […]
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JournalJournal of Youth Studies
Fractured lives: understanding urban youth vulnerability in Perú
2020
The paper reports on a mixed methods study that sought to analyse determinants of youth labour market and educational disengagement in Peru. It begins by questioning the widespread focus on NEET – youth not in employment, education or training – as a measure of youth vulnerability in countries with extensive informal labour markets where labour […]
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JournalJournal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community
History matters, but differently: Persisting and perpetuating effects on the likelihood of intimate partner violence
2019
Ecological models of violence center on systems (micro, meso, and macro) surrounding personal history of violence, but few studies properly assess the effects of personal history on the likelihood of victimization. Using the Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (N=74,204), the authors examine the effect personal history of violence has on the likelihood of recent intimate […]
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JournalInternational Review of Law and Economics
Do criminal justice reforms reduce crime and perceived risk of crime? A quasi-experimental approach in Peru
2019
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the new Code of Criminal Procedure (NCCP) on crime and perceived risk of crime in Peru. The progressive implementation of the NCCP allowed us to (1) use differences-in-differences (to control for the effect of time invariant characteristics) with matching estimator (to control for bias […]
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El derecho a la alimentación en grupos en condición de vulnerabilidad
Derecho humano a la alimentación: entre la política pública y las decisiones judiciales2017
This study analyzes national policies to guarantee the right to food of vulnerable groups in Peru. This is based on the Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security (hereinafter “Voluntary Guidelines”), and Inter-American standards on economic, social and cultural rights. The research […]
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El programa “Qali Warma” desde un enfoque de derechos humanos
Derecho a la alimentación en el contexto latinoamericano2017
This research seeks to approach the institutional design of the Qali Warma program under a human rights-based approach, identifying its constituent elements in order to be able to project them in future public food policies. In addition, the gaps or pending tasks for the full assumption of the approach will be pointed out. To this […]
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Magnitudes, determinantes y consecuencias de la violencia infantil en los hogares: balance de investigación y de las intervenciones existentes
Investigación para el desarrollo en el Perú: once balances2016
This is an assessment of the research related to violence against children, as well as the most important policies and programs intended to prevent or reduce it. The document begins by presenting the main definitions on the subject, then analyzes the most frequently recurring risk factors. The consequences of childhood violence on health, education, and […]
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Case study in selected third country: Peru
Assessing factors influencing human rights around the world: three case studies2016
This chapter analyses factors facilitating and hindering human rights protection in Peru. The chapter provides an overview of historical, legal, political, economic, ethnic, religious, and technological factors facilitating or hindering the promotion and protection of human rights in the country. The chapter then focuses on identifying the social and institutional factors that explain the weak […]
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Inter-American Human Rights System
The global human rights protection governance system2015
The report builds on the D 4.1 ‘Report on the mapping study on relevant actors in human rights protection’ which outlined institutions and instruments for the protection of human rights at the national, European Union (EU), regional and international level. As the objective of WP 4 is to assess the institutions and instruments operating to […]
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Social protection, economic opportunity strategies and women’s empowerment in Peru
2018
This article presents results from two evaluation studies aimed at providing evidence of the impact of social protection programmes on women’s well-being. Specifically, the studies evaluate the impacts of the Peruvian programmes Haku Wiñay and Juntos on women’s empowerment dimensions, such as decision-making on household resources, gender roles and ideology, self-esteem and domestic violence. Findings from […]
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Los caminos de la desigualdad en la escuela peruana / Población indígena y exclusión social en el Perú
2003Martín Benavides, Nestor Valdivia,
Los caminos de la desigualdad en la escuela peruana / Población indígena y exclusión social en el Perú.
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Políticas públicas con enfoque de derechos en el Perú: el Plan Nacional de Derechos Humanos y las experiencias de planes regionales en derechos humanos
2014
The objective of this research is to contribute, through updated and systematized information, to the identification of the limits and scope of the process of elaboration and execution of public policies with a human rights approach based on two paradigmatic cases: San Martín and Junín. To this end, the paper explores the concepts of public […]
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Inclusión social: diálogos entre la investigación y las políticas públicas
2014Martín Benavides, Miguel Jaramillo, Santiago Cueto, Gabriela Guerrero, Juan Leon, Nestor Valdivia, Lorena Alcazar, Manuel Glave, Maria Balarin, Juan Jose Diaz, Juana Kuramoto, Gerardo Damonte,
Esta publicación recoge el espíritu del seminario internacional "Cambios Institucionales para un Estado más Inclusivo" (julio de 2012), y apunta a lo más relevante y valioso de cada exposición, intervención y comentario.
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Las organizaciones de la población afrodescendiente en el Perú: discursos de identidad y demandas de reconocimiento
2013Nestor Valdivia,
La presente publicación contiene los resultados de un estudio sobre el desarrollo de las org
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¡Aquí estamos! Niñas, niños y adolescentes afroperuanos
2013Martín Benavides, , Nestor Valdivia, ,
Este estudio ofrece un primer acercamiento al ejercicio de los derechos de las niñas, los niños y adolescentes afroperuanos en tres dimensiones claves para su desarrollo integral: salud, educación y protección.
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New Century, Old Disparities : Gender and Ethnic Earnings Gaps in Latin America and the Caribbean
2012,
Despite sustained economic growth at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, Latin America and the Caribbean still faces high inequality and weak indicators of well-being among certain population groups. Women, people of African ancestry, and indigenous peoples are often at the bottom of the income distribution. The share of […]
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Projects
- Adolescents and youth in Peru. An approach from different perspectivesMarch 2019
- ”Hello ?, I have a problem”: Impact evaluation of the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations Line 100March 2109
- The Peruvian institutional response to Venezuelan migrationFebruary 2019
- Measuring the prevalence of physical and psychological violence against children and teenagers: evidence of Young Lives PeruNovember 2018
- Domestic violenceJanuary 2018
- Etnicidad y sistemas de informaciónJuly 2015
- Revisión Sistemática: ¿Cuál es la efectividad de las intervenciones orientadas a incrementar la participación femenina en ocupaciones consideradas de mayor capacidad y mayor valor social en países de ingresos medios y bajos?July 2015
- Consequences of domestic violence against women on children’s school progress in Peru: a countrywide study differentiated by genderDecember 2014
- Preparation of an academic document on women’s situation in the Peruvian social sciencesAugust 2014
- Evaluación de intervenciones que promueven el liderazgo de las mujeres en pequeñas empresasOctober 2014
News
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[RESULTS] CALL FOR PROPOSALS: Care Economy Public Policy Innovations Collaborative Action-Research Fund Latin America and the Caribbean
July 4, 2023 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
The Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE), in collaboration with United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) and the Global Alliance for Care, and supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), launch the call for proposals for the: Care Economy Public Policy Innovations Collaborative Action-Research Fund Latin America and the Caribbean […]
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“Venezuelan migration is an important labor force that could contribute a lot to productivity in the country.” An interview with Fernando Távara, coauthor of a GRADE’s research
April 20, 2023 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“The national survey of Venezuelans that was conducted last year shows that, on average, the Venezuelan migrant is better educated even than Peruvians. It is an important labor force that could contribute a lot to productivity in the country.” Fernando Távara, co-author of GRADE’s research study, “Barriers to the socio-economic integration of migrants in Peru: […]
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Wilson Hernández is winner of the SVRI Knowledge for Action to End Violence Against Women and Violence Against Children Research Grant 2023
April 13, 2023 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
We congratulate our Adjunct Researcher Wilson Hernández, whose research proposal “Playing Safely: Football as a means to transform harmful gender norms and address violence against children and adolescents” (together with Daniel Orrego of Futbol Más Perú) was the winner for Peru in the Violence Research Initiative Knowledge for Action to End Violence Against Women and Violence Against Children […]
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#8M La Mirada: Women workers, in the crisis and after, by Miguel Jaramillo
March 19, 2023 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Women have more self-employment and less salaried work, figure less among business employers and more among unpaid family workers.” Miguel Jaramillo, senior researcher at GRADE, writes about the impact of the pandemic and the policies implemented in that context on the participation of women workers in economic activity. Read the full op-ed in El Comercio […]
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En la sociedad peruana aún operan diversos mecanismos que han perpetuado inequidades sociales basadas en las diferencias de género y expresadas en las desiguales oportunidades de desarrollo que tienen hombres y mujeres en nuestro país. Esta forma de desigualdad tiene raíces estructurales que no solo se manifiestan en los planos sociales y económicos, sino también […]
Events
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Lorena Alcázar participates in various Southern Voice activities on the occasion of the 67th session of the Commission on the Status of Women.
07/03/2023 → 10/03/2023 New York Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Poverty and equality
Our Senior Researcher Lorena Alcazar is in New York attending various Southern Voice activities, a think tank network of which GRADE is a partner. As a member of the Southern Voice’s Steering Committee, Lorena joined its first face-to-face meeting since 2019 to discuss the work of the network in the next couple of years. Also, on the occasion of the […]
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Miguel Jaramillo and Ricardo Fort participated in the Core Covid’s global & regional learning event in Dakar
17/01/2023 → 19/01/2023 Dakar, Senegal Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our Senior Researchers Miguel Jaramillo and Ricardo Fort participated in the Covid-19 Responses for Equity Core Covid global & regional learning event held last week by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Institute of Development Studies in Dakar, Senegal. The meeting aimed to discuss synergies and strengthen plans to turn research into action […]
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Seminario internacional Inclusión laboral con enfoque de género en respuesta al COVID-19 en Latinoamérica
24/11/2022 9:00 am - 11:00 am Zoom y Facebook de GRADE Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
El Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) tiene el agrado de invitarle al seminario internacional Inclusión laboral con enfoque de género en respuesta al COVID-19 en Latinoamérica. El seminario virtual propone debatir en torno a intervenciones para promover el empleo en el contexto económico afectado por la pandemia, así como discutir propuestas y recomendaciones de […]
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Lorena Alcázar and Vanessa Rojas presented the UNICEF study, “Social protection measures of the Peruvian government in times of COVID-19”
29/09/2022 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
UNICEF Perú launched its report “Medidas de protección social del gobierno peruano en época de la COVID-19” (Social protection measures of the Peruvian government in times of COVID-19), carried out by GRADE’s researchers, Lorena Alcázar and Vanessa Rojas. The report, aimed to contribute to the development of a social protection system in Peru, was presented by our researchers and discussed by Pablo Casalí, […]
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GRADE on live, Publication Presentation, Webinar
GRADE 40 years | Book Launch “El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar”
01/09/2022 6:00 pm - 7:30 pm Zoom de GRADE Rural development and agriculture, Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition, Urbanization and sustainable cities
El Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) organizes the launch of the book “El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar” (The Pending Peru: essays for a development with well-being), as part of the commemorative celebration for its forty years of institutional life. The book is a collection of essays that, from different conceptual and […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities