Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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Pantallazo a la violencia de género: redes sociales y ciber violencia en relaciones sexo-afectivas entre adolescentes
2023 Katherine Sarmiento
Este estudio busca explicar el rol de las redes sociales en la ciberviolencia de género en relaciones sexo-afectivas entre adolescentes de una institución educativa en San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima). Se realiza un estudio de caso cualitativo, utilizando un cuestionario descriptivo, grupos de discusión y entrevistas con estudiantes de cuarto de secundaria. El estudio concluye […]
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Soap operas and pro-savings attitudes in poor rural areas of Peru.
2023 Alberto Chong, Martin Valdivia
We wrote, produced, and implemented a randomized intervention of a five-episode soap opera focusing on attitudes related to trust and savings. It was shown to females living in poor and violence-scarred rural areas and who received the national conditional cash transfer. We find that one year after the intervention treated females significantly improve their attitudes […]
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Edutainment, savings and dwelling-related assets in poor rural areas of Peru
Alberto Chong, Martin Valdivia
We exploit a field experiment by Chong and Valdivia (2023) and test whether por women from rural areas in developing countries that are able to save seek dwellingrelated assets and find causal evidence that this is indeed the case. Furthermore, we also find that the older cohort of women, those aged forty and higher, also […]
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Barreras para la integración laboral de migrantes venezolanos en el Perú: identificación y análisis de opciones de política
2023 Lorena Alcazar, Fernando Távara
La población migrante venezolana presenta mayores niveles de desempleo y precariedad laboral (ej. informalidad laboral, menores ingresos) que sus pares nacionales. La literatura disponible y las entrevistas con expertos sugieren que existen múltiples factores o barreras a la base de esta problemática, las cuales se pueden clasificar en los siguientes grupos: barreras para la regularización […]
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Journaleconomía&sociedad
Propuestas de reformas para la integración laboral de la población migrante venezolana en el Perú
2023 Lorena Alcazar, Fernando Távara
El mayor nivel de desempleo y precariedad laboral que experimentan los migrantes venezolanos, en comparación con la población local, se debe a distintas barreras que enfrentan para participar en el mercado de trabajo. Facilitar la regularización migratoria, retirar limitaciones para que micro y pequeñas empresas contraten extranjeros, expandir los servicios públicos de empleo para que […]
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Brechas que perduran: una radiografía de la exclusión social en Perú
2019
Peru achieved many of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) before the 2015 deadline, a sign of the great economic and social advances of recent decades. However, the high levels of heterogeneity that persist in the development indicators show the high inequalities in the country, particularly in relation to traditionally excluded groups such as women, indigenous […]
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Experiencias de convivencia, matrimonio y maternidad/paternidad en adolescentes y jóvenes peruanos
2019
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Social Interactions and Female Voting in Rural Paraguay: The Role of Urbanization Patterns on the Effectiveness of GOVT Campaigns
2018
Los autores utilizan un experimento de campo para evaluar el impacto de dos campañas informativas “sacar el voto” (get-out-the-vote) para impulsar la participación electoral femenina en Paraguay. Encuentran que las campañas públicas no tuvieron ningún efecto ni en la probabilidad de registro ni en la participación de los votantes en las elecciones presidenciales de 2013. […]
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Vocational and business training to improve women’s labour market outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
2018
This Campbell systematic review examines the impact of vocational and business training targeted at women in low- and middle-income countries. The review summarises evidence from thirty-five quantitative studies with an experimental or quasi-experimental design. The review summarises the impact of 30 interventions, containing data from over 80,000 women. The qualitative narrative meta-synthesis includes findings from […]
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Vocational and business training to improve women’s labour market outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
2017
This Campbell systematic review examines the impact of vocational and business training targeted at women in low- and middle-income countries. The review summarises evidence from thirty-five quantitative studies with an experimental or quasi-experimental design. The review summarises the impact of 30 interventions, containing data from over 80,000 women. The qualitative narrative meta-synthesis includes findings from […]
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JournalJournal of New Approaches in Educational Research
Design, Validation, and Application of a Questionnaire on Media Education for Teachers in Training
2019
This article details the process of design, validation and application (N = 501) of an ad-hoc questionnaire that measures Peruvian teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and reasoning in training on media education. With regards to the method, several psychometric validation techniques were applied and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed a high level […]
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JournalSSM Population Health
Exploring the association between segregation and physical intimate partner violence in Lima, Peru: the mediating role of gender norms and social capital
2019
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been globally recognized as a major public health problem. A growing body of evidence has identified a significant relationship between living in a neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage and experiencing IPV. Considering the increasing rates of poverty and segregation registered in Latin American cities, research on the effects of segregation on […]
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JournalAmerican Journal of Political Science
Urbanization Patterns, Information Diffusion, and Female Voting in Rural Paraguay
2019
Researchers use a field experiment to evaluate the impact of two informational get-out-the-vote campaigns to boost female electoral participation in rural areas of Paraguay. They find that public rallies had a small and insignificant effect either on registration or voter turnout in the 2013 presidential elections. Households that received door-to-door canvassing treatment were 4.6 percentage points more likely […]
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JournalEthnic and Racial Studies
Dynamics of ethnic and racial self-identification in contemporary Peru
2018
This study has sought to analyse how the social and cultural dynamics of the population are expressed in the recent processes of ethnic self-identification in Peru. Data from 2012 to 2016 Peru National Household survey was used to investigate specifically: (a) on the contribution of the questions about ethnic and racial self-identification included in the […]
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JournalSociology of Race and Ethnicity
Access to Higher Education of Afro-Peruvians: Disentangling the Influence of Skin Color and Social Origins in the Peruvian Stratification System
2018
Despite recent efforts by the Peruvian government to rectify centuries of injustice against Afro-Peruvians, not much is known about the relative influence of discrimination and social origins on Afro-Peruvians’ access to higher education. Using data from the 2014 Specialized Study of Afro-Peruvian Population and logistic regression, the authors examine the influence of skin color and […]
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Las mujeres en las Ciencias Sociales: reflexiones sobre el contexto peruano a partir de una revisión de la literatura internacional
Bajo el radar de Sofía: oportunidades y barreras de las profesionales en el Perú2014Maria Balarin,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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¿Cómo incluir a los pueblos indígenas andinos? : avances, desafíos y lecciones aprendidas del otorgamiento de derechos de consulta en el Perú y Bolivia
América Latina hacia la Inclusión Social: Avances, aprendizajes y desafíos2014Gerardo Damonte, Manuel Glave,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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La situación de la educación en Ayacucho: una mirada desde el enfoque basado en los derechos humanos
Educación y conflicto armado ¡Nunca más!: una reflexión desde Ayacucho, a propósito del Informe de Seguimiento a EPT 2011. "Una crisis encubierta: educación y conflicto armado"2011
A general overview is shown, with the main educational indicators in the region, both quantitative and qualitative. It was found that Ayacucho is slightly below the national average. Also, among the most relevant findings, it was found that for the educational community the biggest problem has to do with the figure of the teacher and […]
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Exclusión, identidad étnica y políticas de inclusión social en el Perú: el caso de la población indígena y la población afrodescendiente
Investigación, políticas y desarrollo en el Perú -
Diferencias en el acceso de las mujeres al microcrédito en el Perú e impacto de la tenencia del título de propiedad
Mercado y gestión del microcrédito en el Perú2004Maximo Torero, ,
El presente estudio pretende medir el acceso de las mujeres al microcrédito en el Perú. Asimismo, busca examinar el vínculo entre la distribución por género de los derechos de propiedad y las limitaciones en el acceso de las mujeres peruanas al crédito.
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship en la categoría Policy brief
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Métodos para la investigación con niños: lecciones aprendidas, desafíos y propuestas desde la experiencia de Niños del Milenio en Perú
2010
It is an important contribution to qualitative research on children in Peru for several reasons. The first is that while respecting the inductive nature of qualitative research, the book clearly shows how previous research is taken into account, mainly in terms of the conception of children as the focus of academic interest. Building on previous […]
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Continuity and respect for diversity: strengthening early transitions in Peru
2010
This working paper is part of a series on early transitions from Young Lives, a 15-year longitudinal study of childhood poverty in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam. It explores the diverse experiences of 28 children from four contrasting communities in Peru as they start school. These detailed case studies highlight common problems: exclusion of certain […]
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Discrimination in Latin America : An Economic Perspective
2010,
The chapters presented in that volume adopt a variety of these methodological tools in order to explore the extent to which discrimination against women and demographic minorities is pervasive in Latin America. In chapter two, Castillo, Petrie, and Torero present a series of experiments to understand the nature of discrimination in urban Lima, Peru. They […]
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Más crecimiento, más equidad: Prioridades de desarrollo en Guatemala
2008,
La estructura y selección de temas de la presente publicación responde, en su mayor parte, a un diagnóstico de crecimiento para Guatemala realizado en 2007, donde se identificaron un conjunto de factores que afectan las posibilidades de desarrollo del país. A lo largo de las páginas hay un reconocimiento tácito de que, si bien todos […]
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Outsiders?: The Changing Patterns of Exclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean
2008,
This report raises a number of fundamental questions about the multidimensional and interrelated nature of social exclusion and moves beyond the traditional emphasis on outcomes and groups to view exclusion as a process that results from societal traits that limit the functionings of the excluded. Using the tools of experimental economics, the report shows the […]
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship en la categoría Mimeo
Projects
- Impacts of the Juntos Program on women’s empoweringOctober 2014
- Support for the Inter-institutional Technical Committee of Ethnicity StatisticsNovember 2013 - October 2013
- Diagnosis on gender-based violence against children and adolescentsAugust 2013 - December 2013
- Development of a methodology to identify Indigenous Peoples for whom the Prior Consultation Act is applicable in the Peruvian Andes.May 2013 - June 2013
- Childhood, violence and developmentJanuary 2013 - December 2013
- Review of the Logical Framework of the National Program against Family ViolenceNovember 2012 - January 2013
- Mapping of micro credit integration experiences with training on gender or domestic violenceNovember 2012
- Causal estimates of intangible costs of violence against women in Latin American and The CaribbeanSeptember 2012 - January 2013
- New dilemmas in public analysis and follow-up of ethnic inequality in Peru – IISeptember 2012 - April 2014
- Indicators on violence against children in PeruMay 2012 - January 2013
News
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GRADE joins an IDRC’s project on regenerative and inclusive agri-food systems in Latin America and the Caribbean
February 8, 2023 Rural development and agriculture, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
GRADE is part of a new IDRC’s project on how to accelerate the transition to regenerative and inclusive agrifood systems in Latin America and the Caribbean. In the face of the vulnerability of natural ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean, and their impact on food security and livelihoods, an innovative business approach has emerged that […]
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GRADE frente al COVID-19, Institutional News
Gender-based violence in pandemic. Podcast GRADE Conversa 16 featuring Angelo Cozzubo (University of Chicago and PUCP)
February 1, 2023 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
The expansion of COVID-19 forced goverments to implement social isolation measures that, in turn, created unique conditions for increase violence. During the months of quarantine in Peru, non-essential services were closed, including non-reporting services for victims of violence such as the Women’s Emergency Centers. Police stations did not close, but the availability of police to attend victims […]
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Wilson Hernández’s opinion on the ineffectiveness of protection measures to protect women who suffer gender-based violence
November 7, 2022 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“When we talk about protection measures, maybe one imagines a policeman at the door of your house 24 hours a day, but that is not the case. Most measures are almost suggestions, they have no deterrent power.” Read the opinion of our Adjunct Researcher Wilson Hernández in this Salud con lupa story on the ineffectiveness […]
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Comment, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
Hugo Ñopo in Forbes Peru: the main gender gaps in the Peruvian labor market
March 9, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
The entry of women into “flexible” or part-time jobs occurs because they still mostly attend to domestic duties or within their homes. “The National Time Use Survey reveals that in a typical week, women have two fewer days to work. This implies a huge inequality of opportunity.” Read the comments of Hugo Ñopo, Senior Researcher at GRADE […]
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Opinion Article, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
Being a Woman in Peru: Presentation and abstract, by Hugo Ñopo
March 4, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Inequality in access to resources generated by work is enormous: the salary mass generated by men doubles the salary mass generated by women, and this has changed very little in the last two decades.” Hugo Ñopo, Senior Researcher at GRADE, summarizes the chapters of his new book “Ser Mujer en el Perú” (written together with Josefina Miró Quesada) […]
Events
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Lorena Alcázar will join an IDEHPUCP panel on access to health and education for migrants and refugees
21/06/2022 6:00 pm Zoom y Facebook del IDEHPUCP Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
What are the pending challenges to achieve real access to fundamental rights such as health and education for migrants and refugees in Peru and other Latin American countries? We share the invitation to this upcoming panel as part of the 17th Meeting on Human Rights, held by the Institute of Democracy and Human Rights of the Pontifical Catholic University […]
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GRADE’s researchers will join the 2021 CIES Research Annual Seminar
13/12/2021 → 17/12/2021 10:30 am - 6:15 pm Zoom del CIES Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
From December 13 to 17, several GRADE researchers will be speakers, chairs and discussants at the XXXII CIES 2021 Annual Research Seminar. The event, organized by the Consortium for Economic and Social Research (CIES), will address the question How overcome the challenges of the Bicentennial towards sustainable development? From the three-day program, below are the sessions in […]
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Lorena Alcázar will be a panelist in a Minedu, Senaju and UNFPA virtual forum on youth and adolescents in pandemic
28/10/2021 10:00 am Facebook Senaju y UNFPA Perú Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
In Peru, youth suffer a series of disadvantages and vulnerabilities that have been exacerbated by the pandemic. The situation has been even more critical for those in a situation of special protection (rural, indigenous, Afro-Peruvian, LGBITQ +, with disabilities, among others). The Ministry of Education (Minedu), the National Secretariat for Youth (SENAJU) and the United […]
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Lorena Alcázar will be a panelist at a PNUD dialogue on local governance to address gender-based violence through community action
28/10/2021 3:00 pm - 4:00 pm Zoom de PNUD Perú Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our Senior Researcher Lorena Alcázar will join the presentation of the methodological notebook “Local governance to address gender-based violence through community action. Case: The Justa network of leaders”, prepared by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). This methodological notebook proposes a set of steps for the creation and strengthening of networks of organizations of women leaders […]
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Ricardo Fort joined a COVID-19 Responses for Equity CORE Initiative international panel
23/06/2021 8:00 am Zoom CORE Initiative Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Urbanization and sustainable cities
Our Senior Researcher Ricardo Fort joined an IDRC and IDS COVID-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) Initiative international discussion. GRADE is member of the CORE initative. The event explored learnings from approaches to identifying, assessing, and pursuing opportunities to influence policy decisions and changes in practice. Co-hosted by Southern Voice and IDS, saught to enhance efforts to inform […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities