Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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Bienestar subjetivo y covid-19 en jóvenes rurales y urbanos del Perú: aproximación cualitativa a las experiencias de Niños del Milenio
2024 Vanessa Rojas, Adriana Alván León
The covid-19 pandemic has had a multidimensional impact on the well-being of the youth population in general, and has been most severe in Latin America and the Caribbean. Using longitudinal and qualitative data from the Young Lives study, the authors analyze how a group of young people from four different regions of Peru -who grew […]
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¿A costa de qué?: el estado de emergencia en el Callao y su impacto de corto y largo plazo sobre la seguridad ciudadana, la violencia familiar y el bienestar social
2024 Wilson Hernández, Ángelo Cozzubo, Andrea Román
In Peru, the declaration of a state of emergency (EE) has become a common and widely requested public policy measure to address the crime problem. Recently, the government declared the EE in several districts, including San Juan de Lurigancho and San Martin de Porres in Lima, and Sullana in Piura (DS 105-2023-PCM) (El Comercio, 25/9/2023), […]
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Redes sociales y ciberviolencia en las relaciones sexoafectivas entre adolescentes
2024 Katherine Sarmiento
The study on which this paper is based examines the role of social networks in the experiences of cyber-violence in sex-affective relationships among adolescents in an educational institution in San Juan de Lurigancho (Lima, Peru). The findings suggest that certain characteristics of these platforms favor the continuity of gender-based violence in digital environments. Adolescent discourses […]
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Pantallazo a la violencia de género: Redes sociales y ciberviolencia en relaciones sexo-afectivas entre adolescentes
2024 Katherine Sarmiento
This document presents the main findings and policy recommendations of the study “Screenshot to gender-based violence: Social networks and cyber-violence in sex-affective relationships among adolescents”. The research was the winner of the Research Contest “Prevention of Gender Violence in Peru”, co-organized by the Consortium for Economic and Social Research (CIES) and the Gender Studies Research Group of […]
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JournalThe B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy
Edutainment and dwelling-telated assets in poor rural areas of Peru
2024 Alberto Chong, Martin Valdivia
We exploit a field experiment by (Chong, A., and M. Valdivia. 2023. “Edutainment, Savings, and Generational Differences in Rural Areas of Peru.” In Working Paper. Department of Economics, Georgia State University) and test whether poor women from rural areas in developing countries that are able to save seek dwelling-related assets and find causal evidence that this […]
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Edutainment, savings, and generational differences in rural areas of Peru
2023
We wrote, produced, and implemented a randomized five-episode soap opera on financial inclusion targeted to women from poor, rural areas ravaged by terrorism in Peru. We go beyond measuring attitudes and perceptions but observe actual savings accounts using bank data. Older women, those who directly suffered from terrorist violence, respond very well and save more […]
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Soap operas and pro-savings attitudes in poor rural areas of Peru.
2023
We wrote, produced, and implemented a randomized intervention of a five-episode soap opera focusing on attitudes related to trust and savings. It was shown to females living in poor and violence-scarred rural areas and who received the national conditional cash transfer. We find that one year after the intervention treated females significantly improve their attitudes […]
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Edutainment, savings and dwelling-related assets in poor rural areas of Peru
We exploit a field experiment by Chong and Valdivia (2023) and test whether por women from rural areas in developing countries that are able to save seek dwellingrelated assets and find causal evidence that this is indeed the case. Furthermore, we also find that the older cohort of women, those aged forty and higher, also […]
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Barreras para la integración laboral de migrantes venezolanos en el Perú: identificación y análisis de opciones de política
2023
La población migrante venezolana presenta mayores niveles de desempleo y precariedad laboral (ej. informalidad laboral, menores ingresos) que sus pares nacionales. La literatura disponible y las entrevistas con expertos sugieren que existen múltiples factores o barreras a la base de esta problemática, las cuales se pueden clasificar en los siguientes grupos: barreras para la regularización […]
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El impacto de la pandemia por la COVID-19 sobre la violencia familiar: diferenciando víctimas, tipos de violencia y niveles de riesgo en el Perú
2022
Las medidas para mitigar los contagios por COVID-19 generaron condiciones para una mayor violencia familiar (confinamiento forzado, restricciones de movilidad, estrés económico, etc.). Tal fue el caso del Perú. Esta investigación evalúa el impacto de estas condiciones sobre la violencia familiar en el Perú durante las primeras 14 semanas de cuarenta. Empleamos los registros administrativos […]
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JournalJournal of Health Economics
A drop of love? Rainfall shocks and spousal abuse: Evidence from rural Peru
2023
We investigate whether exposure to rainfall shocks affects the experience of physical intimate partner violence (P-IPV) among women in rural areas of the Peruvian Andes. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys over 2005–2014, we track changes in the probability that a woman experiences recent instances of P-IPV after being exposed to a rainfall […]
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JournalEconomic Development and Cultural Change
(Un)Conditional Love in the Time of Conditional Cash Transfers: The Effect of the Peruvian JUNTOS Program on Spousal Abuse
2022
Cash transfer programs often target women as the recipient of the money. Unintentionally, this flow of unearned income may reduce spousal abuse. We investigate this possibility by assessing the Peruvian JUNTOS program. We exploit the staggered timing in the rollout of the program across municipalities along with its eligibility rule for determining participation to perform […]
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JournalAnxiety and Stress
Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Adaptation and psychometric properties in Peruvian population
2021
Current context caused by COVID-19 has changed social and day-to-day life worldwide. Mental health is no exception. The objective of this study was to adapt and analyze the psychometric properties of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in a sample of Peruvian professionals.
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JournalCriminology & Criminal Justice
Does context matter? Examining robbery reporting in a high crime country
2021
Most empirical studies that examine why individuals report property crimes to the police have focused on Global North countries where crime rates are low. This study is situated in the most violent area of the world, Latin America, and examines Peru, which has the highest robbery victimization rate in the Americas. This article examines the […]
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JournalJournal of Interpersonal Violence
Bullying victimization among peruvian children: the predictive role of parental maltreatment
2021
Bullying among schoolchildren is increasingly being recognized as a major problem. Although previous studies have examined parental maltreatment as a risk factor for bullying, the evidence on this topic remains limited in Latin America. The aim of this study was then to measure the prevalence of bullying victimization among a nationally representative sample of Peruvian […]
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Breaking the Silence. Why do Young Women in Peru Marry or Cohabit at a Young Age, and What are the Consequences?
Dreaming of a Better Life Child Marriage Through Adolescent Eyes2020
On the basis of qualitative data, the chapter shows how different factors lead young women to start cohabitation or marriage before adulthood. Through the experiences of three women who began cohabitation before the age of 18 in Peru, the authors show what life is like for them, the inequities in the power relations they face […]
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Criminal Legalities in the Global South. Cultural Dynamics, Political Tensions, and Institutional Practices
Criminal Legalities in the Global South: Cultural dynamics, political tensions and institutional practices2019
In Peru, corruption is widespread. Under the intention of addressing the problem of corruption, the justice system reacted by creating a specialized sub judicial system, which accompanied the introduction of a new Criminal Procedure Code that allowed less bureaucratic oral criminal proceedings. While these changes promised justice and efficiency, in this chapter it is argued […]
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Oportunidades y barreras en la trayectoria de las científicas sociales peruanas
Desigualdad en la academia: mujeres en las ciencias sociales2018
El presente capítulo se enmarca en estos esfuerzos y es resultado de esa agenda del Grupo Sofía, que pretende profundizar en el análisis de las disparidades entre las experiencias de mujeres y hombres en el mundo laboral académico de las ciencias sociales. Específicamente, analizamos las oportunidades y barreras a las que se enfrentan las científicas sociales peruanas durante su […]
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El entorno de la investigación social en el Perú
Desigualdad en la academia: mujeres en las ciencias sociales2018
En el Perú existen coincidencias importantes con los hallazgos de esta literatura, hay también particularidades que se explicarían por lo que podemos describir como el entorno precario en el que se desarrolla la investigación académica en el país, entorno que profundiza algunas desigualdades de género que también se plantean en el presente libro.
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¿Cómo abordar el estudio de las inequidades de género en el mundo académico?
Desigualdad en la academia: mujeres en las ciencias sociales2018
Este primer capítulo busca situar a las personas que lean este libro en ese abordaje conceptual compartido sobre el problema de las inequidades de género en el mundo académico. Para ello, presentamos una breve discusión sobre cómo nos aproximamos a los regímenes de inequidad en el campo académico y de la investigación, y sobre los principales aportes […]
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Do More School Resources Increase Learning Outcomes? Evidence from an Extended School-Day Reform
2021
Sigue siendo un debate abierto si la asignación de más recursos mejora los resultados de aprendizaje de los alumnos de las escuelas públicas de bajo rendimiento. Nos centramos en el efecto del aumento del tiempo de instrucción, que es teóricamente ambiguo debido a posibles cambios compensatorios en el esfuerzo de los estudiantes, los profesores o […]
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La situación educativa de las niñas, niños y adolescentes afroperuanos: una mirada al acceso, resultados y entornos educativos
2021
One of the main barriers in our country (and in others countries) to portraying the socioeconomic situation of the Afro-descendant population is the lack of information disaggregated by ethnic group. This article presents the educational situation of Afro-Peruvian girls, boys, and adolescents and provides recommendations to continue developing studies that allow information to be disaggregated […]
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Las aspiraciones de las mujeres rurales de Cajamarca en la educación de sus hijas e hijos
2020
En este artículo, Gabriela Arrunátegui analiza las aspiraciones de las mujeres de zonas rurales de Cajamarca en la educación de sus hijas e hijos. Para ello, empleó la información cualitativa recogida en el año 2019 por el equipo del proyecto CREER, sobre prácticas pedagógicas y de género en 12 instituciones educativas multigrado de primaria en […]
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Experiencias de convivencia, matrimonio y maternidad/paternidad en adolescentes y jóvenes peruanos. Policy brief
2019
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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“Cualquier cosa nos puede pasar”. Cuando la violencia marca el ciclo de vida de las niñas en el Perú
2019
This qualitative study aims to highlight the multiple and persistent forms of violence that Peruvian girls can experiment from childhood to adolescence, as well as the resources they have to respond to it. In addition, the purpose of this brief is to approach the complex relationship that exists between the individual, familiar and community spaces, as […]
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Measuring the sustainable development agenda in Peru
2016
In 2012, the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development pledged that governments will propose a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the post-2015 period. The SDGs – agreed to in September 2015 – replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which expire in the same year. The SDGs take into consideration positive experiences from the MDGs and […]
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En cancha ajena: la participación ciudadana a través de los Consejos Nacionales
2015
The main objective of this research is to analyze their institutional models as well as to reflect on the role played by citizen participation as a factor of democratic governance through the National Councils.
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Estudio Especializado sobre Población Afroperuana (EEPA)
2015Martín Benavides, Juan Leon,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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América Latina hacia la inclusión social. Avances, aprendizajes y desafíos
2014, , , , , Gerardo Damonte, Manuel Glave, , , ,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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El impacto de la investigación en políticas públicas nacionales de etnicidad e inclusión social: el caso de la creación del Comité Técnico Interinstitucional de Estadísticas de Etnicidad en el Perú
2014
El presente texto describe el rol de la investigación producida en GRADE sobre políticas nacionales de inclusión social, específicamente en torno a grupos étnicos que han venido existiendo como minorías sociales y como objeto de discriminación y exclusión social.
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Prevalencia de delitos en la población penal peruana: desorganización social versus aprendizaje social
2018
The aim of the study is to identify the main factors that influence a person commits a type of crime. We will focus on two theories: social learning and social disorganization, comparing each other to determine which one is more important. A second objective is to study how crime’s main drivers and gender relate to […]
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Derechos humanos y gobernabilidad democrática: oportunidades para la cooperación canadiense en el Perú
2009
This study has two central objectives. The first is to offer an overview of the human rights situation in the country, and of the public policies that protect and promote them. In particular, attention has been paid to the scenarios related to the transitional justice process (in terms of the guidelines of the Truth and […]
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Procesos y productos de justicia transicional: los aportes de la Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación a la transición peruana
2008
This paper attempts, in the first place, to situate itself within an emerging theoretical perspective, derived from legal sociology, the so-called sociology of human rights. Its main characteristic is to approach human rights as social phenomena, analyzing their genesis, formation and positioning in the public agenda as moral, legal and political demands. Specifically, we will […]
Projects
- Community participation in the prevention of gender-based violence: The case of the Red de Lideresas Justa of the Justa Project, Villa El Salvador for Justice and Equality of the UNDPNovember 2020
- SMS against violence during the pandemicNovember 2020
- Social protection and indigenous peoplesSeptember 2020
- Analysis of the PNUD gender salary gapSeptember 2020
- The coronavirus pandemic and its impact on the economic autonomy of womenApril 2020
- Access to the educational system: Factors that facilitate or limit access to migrant children and adolescentsDecember 2019
- Indicators for the Results-Oriented Budget Program on violence against womenDecember 2019
- Mainstreaming information gathering on ethnicity to improve minority access to education: the case of Afro-descendant girlsSeptember 2019
- Factors associated with partner violence against women: a departmental approach based on patterns of victimizationJune 2019
- Evaluation of the police intervention against complaints of violence against women: Experimental evaluation of the Home Visitation Program of the National Police of PeruJune 2019
News
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International Day of the Girl: selection of recent free access titles
October 11, 2024 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, State reform and public institutions
Las experiencias de las niñas en sus propias vidas muestran la importancia de proporcionar entornos seguros, no violentos, inclusivos y eficaces hacia un futuro en el que puedan desarrollar todo su potencial. En el Día Internacional de la Niña, compartimos algunos títulos recientes de nuestras investigadores e investigadores. Varios de estos estudios muestran que, a […]
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Ojo Público reports Wilson Hernández’s thoughts on the insecurity crisis on the streets
October 9, 2024 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Wilson Hernandez shares his opinion on the urban terrorism bill. Via Epicentro TV
October 7, 2024 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Between the extreme measures there is a large gray space where we can move with more clever proposals. It is there where police intelligence has a much better chance of being able to identify groups linked to extortion and dismantle them”. Our Adjunct Researcher Wilson Hernández talked to journalist Daniel Yovera of Epicentro TV about […]
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Wilson Hernandez shares his thoughts on the new state of emergency declared by the government
September 30, 2024 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Once the emergency measure ends, “crime returns to normal”, according to Wilson Hernandez, Adjunct Researcher at GRADE, regarding the new state of emergency declared by the government to address citizen insecurity. Wilson is one of the authors of the study ¿A costa de qué?: Impacto de corto y mediano plazo de los estados de emergencia […]
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It is with enthusiasm that we announce our membership in the Global Alliance for Care, the first global multi-stakeholder community that facilitates and promotes spaces for dialogue, analysis, exchange of experiences and learning about care, recognizing it as a necessity, a job and a right. “We take this opportunity to recognize and congratulate the work that GRADE […]
Events
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GRADE, PEP and WIEGO held the Decent Work for Women in Peru: Barriers and Policy Options Seminar
01/12/2023 9:00 am - 10:30 am Auditorio de GRADE Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE), Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) and Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO) organize the Decent Work for Women in Peru: Barriers and Policy Options Seminar, as part of a research project led by our Senior Researcher Lorena Alcázar on December 1st at 09:00 a.m., in GRADE’s headquarters. REGISTRATION […]
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Lorena Alcázar will be a panelist at trAndeS’ International Seminar on Social Policies, Gender and Inequalities in the Andean Region
09/11/2023 Campus de la PUCP Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our senior researcher Lorena Alcázar will be a panelist at the International Seminar “Social Policies, Gender and Inequalities in the Andean Region: Perspectives, Expectations and Dilemmas”, organized by trAndeS Graduate Program in Sustainable Development and Social Inequalities in the Andean Region and the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. The two-day seminar will address issues related […]
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Santiago Cueto and Lorena Alcázar joined the Southern Voice network conference
24/10/2023 → 25/10/2023 Nairobi, Kenya Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our senior researchers Santiago Cueto and Lorena Alcázar joined the flagship conference of Southern Voice, a network of Global South think tanks. The event was held on October 24-25 in Nairobi, Kenya. During the first day, Santiago was a panelist in the session “Ed-tech: Rethinking our Terms for Equity and Sustainability”. On the next day, […]
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La Noche de las Ideas: Lorena Alcázar will join a discussion on outstanding Peruvian women scientists
19/05/2023 7:00 pm Zoom Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
As part of the La Noche de las Ideas festival, the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Peru is organizing the discussion “Por más peruanas en la ciencia” (For more Peruvian women in science). The event will feature four video portraits of outstanding Peruvian women scientists whose research has had an impact on public […]
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Vanessa Rojas was a panelist at UNICEF Peru’s Dialogues “Towards the construction of a Social Protection System in Peru”
12/04/2023 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“In Peru, we are still moving from a medical approach to a biopsychosocial one. We still see disability from its individual limitations and do not consider the issue of limits in the social environment, which are key when we talk about social protection in general”. Vanessa Rojas, Associated Researcher at GRADE, joined the UNICEF Peru’s Dialogues “Towards the construction […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities