Deutsch, Ruthanne; Andrew Morrison; Hugo Ñopo y Claudia Piras (2005). Working Within Confines: Occupational Segregation By Sex For Three Latin American Countries. The IUP Journal of Applied Economics, IUP Publications, vol. 0(3), pages 50-59, May.

The paper assesses the evolution of occupational segregation by sex using comparable data sets for Costa Rica, Ecuador and Uruguay over the 1989-1997 period. The authors estimate segregation indices using two-digit occupational categories for the entire employed labor force and also for sub-samples with different levels of educational attainment. Using a re-sampling technique, the authors estimate standard deviations for their point estimates and test for statistically significant changes over time and across schooling levels. Finally the authors  conduct a random hiring experiment to compare actual changes in the Duncan Index to potential changes had new hiring been random with regard to sex.