Poverty and Equity
The researchers in this area of GRADE develop methodologies for conducting research into the multi-disciplinary causes and characteristics of the mechanisms that sustain poverty , inequality and exclusion, as well as studies to identify opportunities for change.
Senior Researchers
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan José Díaz Noziglia
PhD en Economics - University of Maryland
Juan José Díaz has a PhD in Economics from the University of Maryland. He is currently a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His interests include the labor economy and evaluating social, educational, health and development programs.
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Javier Escobal D`Angelo
PhD en Economic Development - Wageningen University
Javier holds a PhD in Economic Development from Wageningen University, in the Netherlands, and a Master’s degree from New York University, where he also carried out doctoral studies in Economics. He is currently a Senior Researcher at GRADE. He is also Co-Researcher in the Young Lives/Niños del Milenio longitudinal study, which follows more than 2000 children during the […]
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Gabriela Guerrero Barnechea
PhD en Educational Sciences - KU Leuven
Gabriela Guerrero has a PhD in Educational Sciences from the KU Leuven in Belgium and a Master’s Degree in Development Studies with a major in Public Policy from the Institute of Social Studies in The Hague, The Netherlands. She has a Bachelor’s Degree in Educational Psychology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. She is currently a […]
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Miguel Jaramillo Baanante
PhD en History - University of California
Miguel Jaramillo has a degree in Economics from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He completed his graduate studies in Economics and History at the University of California, where he received a PhD in History. His areas of interests are labor economics, social policy and institutional analysis. He is currently a Senior Researcher at GRADE. […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Alan Sánchez Jiménez
PhD en Economics - University of Oxford
Alan has a DPhil in Economics from the University of Oxford. He also holds a master degree in Economics for Development from Oxford. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE, a Senior Researcher at Young Lives Peru, and a Visiting Scholar at the Oxford Department of International Development. He teaches on quantitative methodologies for impact […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
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Máximo Torero Cullen (de licencia)
PhD en Economics - University of California, Los Angeles
Maximo received a PhD from the University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Economics and held a postdoctoral fellow position at the UCLA Institute for Social Science Research (ISSR). Currently, he is the Chief Economist of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Prior to joining FAO, he was the World Bank Group Executive Director for […]
Associated Researchers
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Vanessa Rojas Arangoitia
PhD en - Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
Vanessa holds a PhD in Sociology from Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. She has a degree in Anthropology and a Master’s degree in Political Science from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Her work has focused on the anthropology of education and childhood, addressing issues of educational transitions, child welfare, educational quality and power relations. During 2012, she […]
Adjunct Researchers
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Claudia Sugimaru Arakaki
Máster en Educational Sciences - KU Leuven
Claudia holds a Master’s degree in Educational Sciences from KU Leuven in Belgium and a degree in Psychology with a major in Education from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Currently, she is an Adjunct Researcher at GRADE.
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Project Support Staff
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Mónica Lizama Egoavil
Degree en - National Agrarian University
Mónica studied Statistical and Computer Science Engineer at the National University Agrarian La Molina. Currently she is the Data Manager for Young Lives in Peru. Before joining Young Lives, Mónica worked as a statistics assistant at the Peruvian National Institute of Statistics (INEI) and the International Nutrition Institute (IIN).
External Affiliated Researchers
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Jere R. Behrman
Ph.D. en - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Professor Behrman is a leading international researcher in empirical microeconomics, with emphasis on developing economies. He is also a Research Associate at Penn’s Population Studies Center. His research interests include empirical microeconomics, labor economics, human resources (early childhood development, education, health, nutrition), project evaluation, economic demography, incentive systems and household behaviors. The unifying dimension of […]
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Marta Favara
PhD en - University of Essex
Marta is a Senior Researcher at the Oxford Department of International Development at the University of Oxford where she is leading the quantitative research agenda of Young Lives since 2015. She is also a Research Fellow at the Oxford Martin School Programme on African Governance and an IZA Research Affiliate. Before joining Young Lives, she […]
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Carmen Ponce San Román
PhD en Economics - Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
Carmen Ponce is an External Affiliated Researcher at GRADE and is currently affiliated as Visiting Researcher at the Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean at York University (Toronto, Canada). She has a Ph.D. in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú and a MSc. In Economics from the University of Texas […]
Publications
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Edutainment, savings and dwelling-related assets in poor rural areas of Peru
Alberto Chong, Martin Valdivia
We exploit a field experiment by Chong and Valdivia (2023) and test whether por women from rural areas in developing countries that are able to save seek dwellingrelated assets and find causal evidence that this is indeed the case. Furthermore, we also find that the older cohort of women, those aged forty and higher, also […]
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El impacto del COVID-19 sobre la salud mental de jóvenes en el Perú
2023 Alan Sanchez, Marta Favara, Kath Ford, Annina Hittmeyer, Catherine Porter, Richard Freund, Douglas Scott
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Estrategias comunitarias contra el hambre durante la pandemia: experiencias y propuestas desde los casos de Perú, Uruguay y Chile
2023 Lorena Alcazar, Ricardo Fort, Ignacia Fernández, Fernando Távara
The objective of this paper is to analyze the resurgence of community initiatives in response to hunger during the pandemic in the Latin American region. It looks in particular at how they are emerging or growing, what their needs are and what role governments have played in response to them, focusing on the cases of […]
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Educational Pathways: Young Peruvians in the COVID-19 Pandemic
2023 Vanessa Rojas, Gina Crivello, Adriana Alván
Young people have suffered most from the economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. The the pandemic constituted a highly complex scenario in which emergency remote and virtual education emerged as a useful, though not perfect, tool. This paper presents findings from the second instalment of a telephone follow-up study conducted […]
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Medidas de protección social del gobierno peruano en época de la Covid-19
2022 Lorena Alcazar, Vanessa Rojas, Emilio López de Romaña
In the current context, where the pandemic still persists, but whose health impacts are reduced by the increasing application of vaccines, it is important to analyze what the State has done to protect the population, especially children and adolescents, from poverty. This analysis makes it possible to assess the effectiveness and relevance of the State’s […]
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The impact of the JUNTOS conditional cash transfer programme on foundational cognitive skills: Does age of enrollment matter?
2022
This paper studies the relationship between the age of enrolment in Peru’s conditional cash transfer programme, JUNTOS, and the foundational cognitive skills of a sample of children aged between 5 and 12 years old. Using a difference-in-differences approach and exploiting within- household variation, the authors show that younger siblings in recipient households display significantly higher […]
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COVID-19 y las migraciones de la ciudad al campo en el Perú: identificación de amenazas y oportunidades para el uso sostenible del capital natural
2022
El Perú es uno de los países más fuertemente golpeados por la pandemia del COVID-19 en el mundo. El confinamiento nacional obligatorio que empezó a regir a mediados de marzo de 2020 y fue ampliado en varias oportunidades hasta finales de junio del mismo año, trajo como consecuencia la paralización de diversos sectores económicos y […]
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The Challenges of Inequality and COVID-19 for Young People in Peru: Evidence from the Listening to Young Lives at Work COVID-19 Phone Survey
2021
This policy brief looks at the impact of COVID-19 on the lives of adolescents and young people in Peru as they transition into adulthood, focusing on how widening inequalities are hitting those from disadvantaged backgrounds hardest.
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COVID-19 Could Reverse Two Decades of Progress: Emerging Policy Recommendations to Support Young People in Developing Countries
2021
New research from the Young Lives COVID-19 phone survey in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam paints a worrying picture of how the economic and social impact of COVID-19 lockdowns and related restrictions could not only halt progress made over the last two generations, but could also reverse life chances and entrench existing inequalities for many […]
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Equating Cognitive Scores across Rounds and Cohorts for Young Lives in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam
2020
For longitudinal studies such as Young Lives, getting comparable measures of children ́s cognitive abilities over time is essential for identifying individual, family, school or contextual variables that affect children ́s development. Few longitudinal studies that follow birth/age cohorts have comparable cognitive measures over time; of those that are available, most are from developed countries […]
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JournalInternational Journal of Behavioral Development
More than poverty: Pathways from economic inequality to reduced developmental potential
2016, Santiago Cueto, ,
Studies from both high and low-middle income (LAMI) countries have documented how being reared in poverty is linked to compromised child development. Links between poverty and development are mediated by the timing and extent of exposure to both risk factors nested under poverty and to protective influences which can attenuate the impact of risk. While […]
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JournalAssessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice
Classroom composition and its association with students’ achievement and socioemotional characteristics in Peru
2016Santiago Cueto, Juan Leon,
School composition is a topic that has gained increasing attention from researchers over the past few years, as it has been found that the socio-economic characteristics of students are associated with their achievement. However, most research has been cross-sectional and carried out in industrialised countries. In the study, the authors use parental education as a […]
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JournalInternational Journal of Educational Research
Does pre-school improve cognitive abilities among children with early-life stunting? A longitudinal study for Peru
2015Santiago Cueto, Juan Leon,
Several studies in developing countries have found that children who experience growth faltering in the first years of life show lower cognitive abilities than their peers. In this study, we use the Young Lives longitudinal dataset in Peru to analyze if attending pre-school affects cognitive abilities at age five years, and if there is an […]
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JournalJournal of Family Violence
The Co-Occurrence of Domestic and Child Violence in Urban Peru: Evidence from Three Regions
2015Martín Benavides, Juan Leon,
Using a unique dataset collected from three regions in Peru (Huancavelica, Lima and Loreto), this study explores the co-occurrence of domestic and child violence within households; that is, the situation where a victim of domestic violence (mother) becomes a perpetrator towards other family members (children) in the same household. Secondly, the study seeks to analyze […]
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JournalWorld Development
Participatory Democracy and Effective Policy: Is There a Link? Evidence from Rural Peru
2015Miguel Jaramillo, ,
We examine the relationship between participatory democratic institutions and effective agricultural policy in rural Peruvian municipalities, using a unique quantitative dataset of 100 Peruvian municipalities at two points in time, allowing us to examine (a) bottom-up, grassroots participatory governance institutions, and (b) Peru’s top-down participatory budgeting reform implemented in all Peruvian sub-national governments in the […]
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La vulnerabilidad de los hogares rurales en tiempos de COVID-19: en búsqueda de las lecciones clave para una política de inclusión financiera
El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar2022
This essay identifies lessons learned from financial inclusion policies to understand how to mitigate the negative effects faced by rural households. This important contribution is all the more relevant given the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, in which the health shock shows a strong correlate in the economy.
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Drone photography improves understanding of spaces for children in Lima
Early Childhood MattersThe objective is to provide local and central governments with tools that will enable them to monitor and improve public spaces. These tools include indicators – such as the quality of the environment, ease of access for pedestrians, and level of use by families – and instruments for assessing them, such as checklists and drone […]
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Polarización y segregación en la distribución del ingreso en el Perú: Trayectorias desiguales
Territorios en movimiento: hacia un desarrollo inclusivo2014Javier Escobal, Carmen Ponce,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Heterogeneidad espacial y dinámicas de pobreza
Pensamiento económico y cambio social: homenaje a Javier Iguíñiz2014Carmen Ponce, Javier Escobal,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Educational opportunities and learning outcomes of children in Peru: a longitudinal model
Growing up in poverty: findings from Young Lives2014Santiago Cueto, Juan Leon, ,
This collection brings together the latest evidence from Young Lives, a unique international study that focuses on children and poverty – particularly how poverty affects their development and their lives as children, and how children and their families respond to poverty. It shows how the persistence of inequality amid general economic growth is leaving some […]
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Do More School Resources Increase Learning Outcomes? Evidence from an Extended School-Day Reform
2021
Sigue siendo un debate abierto si la asignación de más recursos mejora los resultados de aprendizaje de los alumnos de las escuelas públicas de bajo rendimiento. Nos centramos en el efecto del aumento del tiempo de instrucción, que es teóricamente ambiguo debido a posibles cambios compensatorios en el esfuerzo de los estudiantes, los profesores o […]
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Can savings groups promote financial inclusion and reduce poverty / vulnerability in rural areas of Latin America and the Caribbean?
2021
This document assesses the impact of the introduction of savings groups on the results of poverty, vulnerability and financial inclusion in rural areas of Peru. Using a cluster randomized control trial and relying on administrative and survey records. The researchers find that the proposals are supported by the social networks that exist in rural localities, […]
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Latin America and the end of the demographic bonus
2020
Key messages Latin America’s social demography is experiencing important changes. Life expectancy is increasing and fertility is dropping: thus the ‘demographic bonus’ is ending. A renewed architecture of social expenditure, in line with the new population pyramid, is called for. The components of the dependency rate are moving in opposite directions. While the one for […]
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Understanding teenage fertility, cohabitation, and marriage: the case of Peru
2016Alan Sanchez,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Características socioeconómicas y rendimiento de los estudiantes en el Perú
2015Santiago Cueto, Juan Leon,
Aportes para el diseño de políticas orientadas a reducir la inequidad del sistema educativo peruano a través de un diagnóstico de la relación entre el nivel socioeconómico (NSE) de los estudiantes y sus familias, y sus oportunidades para aprender.
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Towards an inclusive and sustainable development in Latin America: dialogue between research and public policies
2016
Esta publicación es resultado del seminario internacional Hacia un Desarrollo Inclusivo y Sostenible en América Latina: Diálogos entre Investigación y Políticas Públicas, organizado por el Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) y el Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP), el 25 y 26 de junio de 2014. Representa un esfuerzo de recopilación de lo más relevante y valioso […]
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Measuring the sustainable development agenda in Peru
2016
In 2012, the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development pledged that governments will propose a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the post-2015 period. The SDGs – agreed to in September 2015 – replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which expire in the same year. The SDGs take into consideration positive experiences from the MDGs and […]
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Urgency and possibility: first initiative of comparative data on child development in Latin America
2015, Santiago Cueto, , ,
For many children, the circumstances of their birth and earliest years have lifelong consequences. Where and to whom a child is born can predict her economic and social outcomes later in life. Children born to parents who invest emotional and economic resources in their development tend to become healthy and productive adults, passing on the […]
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América Latina hacia la inclusión social. Avances, aprendizajes y desafíos
2014, , , , , Gerardo Damonte, Manuel Glave, , , ,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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La medición del empleo y los ingresos en El Salvador
1998,
La consultoría ha evaluado y analizado la información del módulo de empleo e ingresos de la Encuesta de Propósitos Múltiples que aplica División de Información Social de la DIGESTYC- El Salvador.
Projects
- Second Impact Evaluation of the Music and Social Inclusion project: Persistence of effects and new areas of impactApril 2018
- Young Lives Peru 2017-2018April 2017
- Supporting Young Lives Peru 2017 School SurveyJanuary 2017
- Revisión de la Metodología del Índice de Focalización de Hogares (IFH) en el marco del enfoque de pobreza multidimensionalDecember 2016
- Assistance and technical advice in the first phase of design of the urban poverty reduction strategyNovember 2016
- Technical assistance for the preparation of a cost-effectiveness analysis report of the pilot of an alternative cash transfer incentives schemes of JuntosSeptember 2016
- Young Lives PeruApril 2016
- The impact of Red Innova Association’s home visits program in MaynasJanuary 2016
- The political economy of land inequality in Latin America: the case of PeruAugust 2015
- Consequences of domestic violence against women on children’s school progress in Peru: a countrywide study differentiated by genderDecember 2014
News
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Migraciones in pandemic. GRADE Conversa 17 featuring Mauricio Espinoza.
February 22, 2023 Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, Urbanization and sustainable cities
Peru has been one of the countries hardest hit by the pandemic in the world. Due to the health crisis, in March 2020 the government established a compulsory confinement that caused the paralysis of several economic sectors and a historic increase in the unemployment rate. Despite the vouchers provided, households that depended on the informal […]
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The Agrarian Reform versus the Shining Path, by Roxana Barrantes and Ricardo Fort
February 15, 2023 Poverty and equality
“This research gives suport to those who usually affirm that, if it had not been for the Agrarian Reform, the Shining Path would have been able to come to power. However, it is also possible to give respond to other economic and social effects, where the results are not encouraging”. New op-ed by Roxana Barrantes (IEP) and Ricardo Fort (GRADE) via Jugo de Caigua. […]
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Agencia Andina highlights study by Niños del Milenio on the impact of JUNTOS on fundamental cognitive skills
February 6, 2023 Poverty and equality
Agencia de Noticias Andina highlighted the findings of a recent study by Douglas Scott, Jennifer López, Alan Sánchez y Jere Behrman, that explores the relevance of the age of initial exposure to the JUNTOS program in the development of a set of fundamental cognitive skills. Using longitudinal data from Young Lives Peru, Scott et al. (2022) study […]
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Interview, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
Javier Escobal: “If inflation had been controlled, we would have a poverty rate two points lower than the current one”
October 12, 2022 Poverty and equality, Health and nutrition
“Almost 600,000 more people would not have become poor as a result of this shock. […] These are people who, as a result of the price shock, have become poor. If inflation had been controlled, we would have a poverty rate that would be 2 points lower than the current one”. Javier Escobal, Senior Researcher […]
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Building safer and more sustainable food systems in Peru, by Karine Gatellier (IDS) and Ricardo Fort
July 22, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation, Poverty and equality
The pandemic has aggravated the food insecurity situation of people. In Peru, the most vulnerable are facing great difficulties in accessing food, while food market vendors are also struggling to keep their businesses afloat. Read this Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) story of change to know how the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) […]
Events
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Young Lives Peru will share the advaces of its Study of Obesity, Nutrition, Genes and Social factors (SONGS)
16/03/2023 9:00 am - 11:00 am Auditorio y Zoom de GRADE Poverty and equality, Health and nutrition
Obesity is a rapidly growing public health issue worldwide. However, evidence of the relationship between the progression of obesity and the development of non-communicable diseases in Peru is limited. The Young Lives Longitudinal Study will present the advaces of its Study of Obesity, Nutrition, Genes and Social factors (SONGS), which aims to introduce new empirical […]
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Lorena Alcázar participates in various Southern Voice activities on the occasion of the 67th session of the Commission on the Status of Women.
07/03/2023 → 10/03/2023 New York Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Poverty and equality
Our Senior Researcher Lorena Alcazar is in New York attending various Southern Voice activities, a think tank network of which GRADE is a partner. As a member of the Southern Voice’s Steering Committee, Lorena joined its first face-to-face meeting since 2019 to discuss the work of the network in the next couple of years. Also, on the occasion of the […]
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Seminario internacional Estrategias comunitarias contra el hambre en pandemia: experiencias de Perú, Chile y Uruguay
22/11/2022 9:00 am - 11:00 am Zoom y Facebook de GRADE Poverty and equality, Health and nutrition
The Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) and the Latin American Center for Rural Development (RIMISP) held the International Seminar Community Strategies against the Hunger in Pandemic: experiences from Peru, Chile and Uruguay The virtual seminar proposed to advance in the design of proposals and recommendations on the functioning of common pots, popular pots and other community […]
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Martín Valdivia and Alan Sánchez will join Midis’ 10th Social Inclusion Week
20/10/2022 9:00 am - 5:35 pm Auditorio y redes sociales del Midis Poverty and equality
Martín Valdivia and Alan Sánchez, senior researchers at GRADE, will participate in the X Social Inclusion Week “Fight against hunger, sustainable development and expansion of coverage. Towards a comprehensive social policy”, organized by the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion (Midis). The activity takes place from October 17 to 21, 2022. On Thursday, October 20, […]
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GRADE on live, Publication Presentation, Webinar
GRADE 40 years | Book Launch “El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar”
01/09/2022 6:00 pm - 7:30 pm Zoom de GRADE Rural development and agriculture, Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition, Urbanization and sustainable cities
El Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) organizes the launch of the book “El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar” (The Pending Peru: essays for a development with well-being), as part of the commemorative celebration for its forty years of institutional life. The book is a collection of essays that, from different conceptual and […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities
