Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Interns
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Andrea Ulloa del Castillo
Graduated en -
Andrea has completed her studies in Economics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. At GRADE, she works as a Research Intern in the “Balancing work and care: towards a better understanding of gender norms in Peru”.
Publications
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La inclusión educativa de NNA migrantes venezolanos en el Perú – una política que no se puede nombrar
2020 Lorena Alcazar, Maria Balarin
The education sector has identified the important and growing demand of foreign migrant families, and has reacted to this issue. However, a discourse and practice guaranteeing the right to education coexists with a marked absence of policies explicitly aimed at facilitating its educational inclusion. In this analysis paper, the authors address the educational inclusion of […]
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JournalThe World Bank Economic Review
Do Information Technologies Improve Teenagers’ Sexual Education? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Colombia
2020 Alberto Chong, Marco Gonzalez-Navarro, Dean Karlan, Martin Valdivia
This study reports results from a randomized evaluation of a mandatory six-month Internet-based sexual education course implemented across public junior high schools in 21 Colombian cities. Six months after finishing the course, the study finds a 0.4 standard deviation improvement in knowledge, a 0.2 standard deviation improvement in attitudes, and a 55 percent increase in […]
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Las aspiraciones de las mujeres rurales de Cajamarca en la educación de sus hijas e hijos
2020 Gabriela Arrunátegui
En este artículo, Gabriela Arrunátegui analiza las aspiraciones de las mujeres de zonas rurales de Cajamarca en la educación de sus hijas e hijos. Para ello, empleó la información cualitativa recogida en el año 2019 por el equipo del proyecto CREER, sobre prácticas pedagógicas y de género en 12 instituciones educativas multigrado de primaria en […]
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(Un)Conditional Love in the Time of Conditional Cash Transfers: The Effect of the Peruvian JUNTOS Program on Spousal Abuse
2020 Juan Jose Diaz, Víctor Saldarriaga
Cash Transfer programs often target women as the recipient of the money. Unintentionally, this flow of unearned income may reduce spousal abuse. Researchers investigate this possibility by assessing the Peruvian JUNTOS program. They exploit the staggered timing in the rollout of the program across municipalities along with its eligibility rule for determining participation to perform a difference-in-differences […]
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Breaking the Silence. Why do Young Women in Peru Marry or Cohabit at a Young Age, and What are the Consequences?
Dreaming of a Better Life Child Marriage Through Adolescent Eyes2020 Vanessa Rojas, Francis Bravo, Nikki van der Gaag
On the basis of qualitative data, the chapter shows how different factors lead young women to start cohabitation or marriage before adulthood. Through the experiences of three women who began cohabitation before the age of 18 in Peru, the authors show what life is like for them, the inequities in the power relations they face […]
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Etnicidad y acumulación de capital humano en México Urbano
2008,
Se analiza la movilidad social y la acumulación de capital humano entre minorías étnicas en zonas urbanas de México, se exploran los cambios en el logro académico y la situación en el mercado laboral y se emplean datos de panel provenientes de la Encuesta sobre la Vida de la Familia Mexicana (MFxLS). Los resultados apuntan […]
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Ethnicity and Human Capital Accumulation in Urban Mexico
2008,
The study analyzes social mobility and human capital accumulation among ethnic minorities in Mexican urban areas, exploring changes in educational attainment and labor market status and using panel data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (MFxLS). The results indicate important ethnic differences in human capital accumulation patterns, especially in education, where non-indigenous individuals seem to […]
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Lo que se dice del comportamiento social y acciones reveladas: Evidencia de seis ciudades latinoamericanas utilizando muestras representativas
2008,
En el documento se analiza el vínculo entre lo que la gente dice que prefiere hacer y lo que efectivamente hace. Se vinculan los resultados de los experimentos sobre la confianza y la naturaleza social en seis capitales latinoamericanas con las respuestas obtenidas de encuestas representativas entre los mismos participantes individuales. Los individuos que están […]
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To What Extent do Latin Americans Trust and Cooperate? Field Experiments on Social Exclusion In Six Latin American Countries
2008,
The paper explores the extent to which individuals trust, reciprocate, cooperate and pool risk by using a battery of field experiments containing the trust game, the voluntary contributions mechanism and the risk pooling game; applied in six capital cities in Latin America. The results suggest that: (i) on average, the propensity to trust and cooperate […]
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¿Hasta qué punto los latinoamericanos confían y cooperan? Experimentos de campo sobre exclusión social en seis países de América Latina
2008,
El documento investiga hasta que punto las personas confían, reciprocan, cooperan y comparten riesgos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en seis ciudades de América Latina aplicando una serie de experimentos de campo que incluían el juego de confianza, el mecanismo de contribuciones voluntarias y tres juegos de riesgo compartido. Los resultados sugieren que: (i) […]
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Projects
News
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Op-ed by journalist Daniela Meneses highlights findings from three studies of the book Violence against Women
January 8, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“The risks of domestic violence are greater when lower levels of education for the couple and higher educational achievements for wives than for husbands come together”. La op-ed by the journalist Daniela Meneses for the Peruvian newspaper El Comercio highlights the findings of three studies of the book “Violence Against Women: the need for a double plural”, edited by our […]
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The police reaction to violence against women, by Wilson Hernández
January 7, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“It is difficult to accept it. The police are not prepared to handle the abundant number of reports of violence against women. What to do?” Read the latest op-ed by Wilson Hernández, Adjunct Researcher at GRADE, for RPP Noticias.
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A high number of femicides in Peru: Interview with Wilson Hernández on Radio Programas del Perú
December 28, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“It is not good enough to know the norms, but if I am going to assign a policeman, a judge or a prosecutor to address the case of a woman who suffered violence, this cannot be sexist or have stereotypes”. A few days before the end of 2019, Wilson Hernández, Associated Researcher at GRADE, was interviewed in a radio program […]
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Why is it difficult to interview young fathers about fatherhood, and why is it important that we keep trying?, by Francis Bravo
August 15, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
How can we include more male voices in the discussion about fatherhood and its challenges? Francis Bravo, Assistant Researcher at GRADE, shares his experience in two qualitative studies with a group of young people from the sample of the Young Lives Study in Peru. Read the full article, originally published in Niños del Milenio and in […]
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Who are the adolescents today in Peru? How they live? What dreams, what plans, what projects do they have for their future? How should we attend and educate this age range? These are questions addressed by Verónica Villaran, Adjunct Researcher at GRADE, from the voices of youth from different regions of the country. Read some of the stories she gathered […]
Events
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GRADE’s researchers at the 2019 annual congress of the Peruvian Economic Association
08/08/2019 → 09/08/2019 11:00 am - 12:30 pm Universidad del Pacífico (Av. General Salaverry 2020, Jesús María) Rural development and agriculture, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes
On August 8-9, our researchers will join the 2019 annual congress of the Peruvian Economic Association (APE), coorganized with the University of the Pacific. In addition, Southern Voice, of which we are members and host organization, will organize a panel on the precariousness of education and employment in Peru and Bolivia. The event is part of various activities carried […]
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Veronica Villaran will be a speaker at an international seminar on adolescents and education
18/07/2019 9:25 am - 10:25 am Sala Sum de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel) Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
With the aim of discussing the needs of integral education of Peruvian adolescents, the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP), the Ministry of Education, the United Nations Children’s Fund (Unicef), the United Nations Organization for the Education, Science and Culture (Unesco) and the Wiese Foundation held the international Seminar Bicentennial Generation. Adolescents and Education. According […]
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Lorena Alcazar shared Grupo Sofía’s work at the Women Deliver 2019 Global Conference
03/06/2019 → 06/06/2019 Vancouver, Canadá Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
As part of the International Development Research Center (IDRC) booth at the Women Deliver 2019 Global Conference, Lorena Alcázar, Senior Researcher at GRADE, and Margarita de Sanfeliú, director of Fusades Research and Statistics Center, discussed the work of Grupo Sofía to help women break the glass ceiling in social sciences in Peru.
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ON LIVE: Upcoming seminar: The challenges of ethnic self-identification: reflections after the census
30/05/2019 8:30 am - 6:30 pm Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
First part (from 9:15 to 11:00) Second part (from 11:25 to 13:00) Third part (from 14:45 to 18:10) Activists, researchers, professors, representatives of the government, and afrodescendant and indigenous organizations will discuss and generate recommendations to improve the gathering of census information with an ethnic ratial approach. The 2017 Population and Housing Census incorporated the variable of ethnic […]
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Brazil: Vanessa Rojas was a panelist at a conference on the international policy of children protection
20/05/2019 → 22/05/2019 9:30 am - 1:30 pm Hotel Everest (Rua Prudente de Morais, 1117, Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our adjunct researcher and coordinator of the qualitative component of Young Lives Peru, Vanessa Rojas, was a panelist at the In whose “best interest”? Childhoods, children and the international policy of protection international conference. The event took place from May 20 to 22 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During the seminar, international experts shared their thoughts […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities