Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Interns
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Andrea Ulloa del Castillo
Graduated en -
Andrea has completed her studies in Economics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. At GRADE, she works as a Research Intern in the “Balancing work and care: towards a better understanding of gender norms in Peru”.
Publications
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¿Reinserción y permanencia en el mercado laboral con equidad de género?: el Servicio Cuidado Diurno en madres jóvenes
2021 Gabriela Arrunategui, Micaela Giesecke
Durante las últimas dos décadas, las mujeres peruanas han ganado derechos en diferentes ámbitos de la vida social, política y económica (Benavente y Valdés, 2014; Sara-lafosse, 2009). La inserción de la fuerza laboral femenina representa para ellas un logro en su autonomía económica (Irigaray, 1992; Lupica, 2015). Aquellas que son madres, sin embargo, enfrentan penalizaciones […]
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JournalJournal of Interpersonal Violence
Bullying victimization among peruvian children: the predictive role of parental maltreatment
2021 Martín Benavides, Juan Leon, Jimena Stuart, Diana La Riva
Bullying among schoolchildren is increasingly being recognized as a major problem. Although previous studies have examined parental maltreatment as a risk factor for bullying, the evidence on this topic remains limited in Latin America. The aim of this study was then to measure the prevalence of bullying victimization among a nationally representative sample of Peruvian […]
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Transversalización del enfoque de género en organizaciones y proyectos sociales: Definiciones y orientaciones básicas
2020 Guadalupe Pérez Recalde
This document is aimed especially at representatives of civil society organizations involved in the design and implementation of social projects in Peru. Its objectives are: Provide access to definitions and guidelines on the gender approach and its mainstreaming in social projects and organizations. To present fundamentals and tools for gender mainstreaming in the development of […]
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The coronavirus pandemic and its challenges to women’s work in Latin America
2020 Diana Gutiérrez, Guillermina Martin, Hugo Ñopo
The coronavirus pandemic has spread throughout the world and Latin America has not been exempt from its health, economic and social impacts. The economic shutdown, as a result of a combination of stringent measures (self-quarantines, mandatory lockdowns, limited capacity in shops, factories and offices, border closures, etc.), is having a profound economic and social impact. […]
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Entendiendo la paradoja de la maternidad adolescente en Lima Metropolitana: Un análisis de los efectos de vecindario en el 2013
2020 Selene Cueva
During the last 35 years, teenage childbearing rate in Metropolitan Lima has not decreased, despite the fact that the capital city has greater access to public services and better economic opportunities than other regions of Peru. In this paper, this apparent paradox is analyzed based on an exploratory analysis of neighborhood effects for 2013. Specifically, through […]
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Do Welfare Programs Damage Interpersonal Trust? Experimental Evidence from Representative Samples for Four Latin American Cities
2009,
The authors argues that welfare programs are linked with the destruction of social capital, as measured by interpersonal trust in laboratory games. The paper employs experimental data for representative samples of individuals in four Latin American capital cities (Bogota, Lima, Montevideo, and San Jose), finding that participation in welfare programs damage trust. The result is […]
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The Gender Wage Gap in Peru 1986-2000: Evidence from a Matching Comparisons Approach
2009,
Applying the methodology developed in Ñopo (2004), the paper analyzes the evolution of the gender wage gap in Peru from 1986 to 2000. This methodology has two advantages. First, it recognizes that the supports of observable characteristics distributions differ substantially. Second, it provides deeper insights regarding the distribution of the unexplained gender differences in earnings. […]
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The Educational Gender Gap in Latin America and the Caribbean
2008, ,
The paper analyzes the evolution of gender differences in school attendance and attainment in Latin America and the Caribbean, for both adults who left the educational system and children in school. For individuals 21 years old and above the paper uses a cohort analysis of school attainment. The results indicate that the schooling gap has […]
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Stated Social Behavior and Revealed Actions: Evidence from Six Latin American Countries Using Representative Samples
2008,
The paper explores the link between what people say they prefer to do and what they actually do. Using data from an experimental project exploring trust and pro-sociality for representative samples of individuals in six Latin American capital cities, the paper links the results of these experiments with the responses obtained from representative surveys to […]
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Stated Social Behavior and Revealed Actions: Evidence from 6 Latin American Countries Using Representative Samples
2008,
The paper explores the link between what people say they prefer to do and what they actually do. Using data from an experimental project exploring trust and pro-sociality for representative samples of individuals in six Latin American capital cities, the paper links the results of these experiments with the responses obtained from representative surveys to […]
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JournalAfrican Development Review
Selection and Reporting Bias in Household Surveys of Child Labor: Evidence from Tanzania
2007,
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JournalThe IUP Journal of Applied Economics
Working Within Confines: Occupational Segregation By Sex For Three Latin American Countries
2005,
The paper assesses the evolution of occupational segregation by sex using comparable data sets for Costa Rica, Ecuador and Uruguay over the 1989-1997 period. The authors estimate segregation indices using two-digit occupational categories for the entire employed labor force and also for sub-samples with different levels of educational attainment. Using a re-sampling technique, the authors estimate […]
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The Gender Wage Gap in Peru 1986-2000: Evidence from a Matching Comparisons Approach
2004,
Applying the methodology developed in Ñopo (2004), the author analyze the evolution of the gender wage gap in Peru from 1986 to 2000. The advantage of such methodology is two-fold. First, it recognizes that the supports of observable characteristics distributions differ substantially. Second, it provides deeper insights regarding the distribution of the unexplained gender differences […]
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Projects
News
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As economy, crime reboots, by Wilson Hernández
September 15, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Just as many sellers now seek to recover what was lost by changing their line of business or charging a premium, criminals act under a similar logic of reactivation that I summarize into three dimensions: recover what was lost (commit crimes more frequently), diversify their criminal activities (and not only theft of cell phones, but wallets, […]
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Hugo Ñopo in La República: Why is the pandemic hitting the women’s economy more?
September 13, 2020 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“There are signs of recovery in male employment, but not female. There are two great forces behind it. On the one hand, the sectors where women worked in a greater proportion are recovering slowly. On the other, greater domestic responsibilities limit the ability to reintegrate into work. Women’s “. Our senior researcher Hugo Ñopo explains why […]
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Opinion Article, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
The other Pandemic: A look from the evidence, by Wilson Hernández
September 8, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Peru is among the countries that lead the health and economic consequences of COVID-19. Both factors are linked to the increase in family violence. Why don’t we talk more about this other pandemic? Read the new article by Wilson Hernández, adjunct researcher at GRADE, in RPP Noticias with ideas and evidence in this regard.
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Comment, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
Wilson Hernández in Ideeleradio: COVID-19 and violence against women
May 8, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our adjunct researcher Wilson Hernández shared in Ideeleradio lessons for Peru from international experiences to contain and prevent violence against women in the context of the pandemic. On the Spanish initiative “Máscara 19” he commented: “It is interesting because it allows it to be done in confidence. It requires a series of protocols to be able […]
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Opinion Article, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
COVID-19 y violencias contra las mujeres: ¿Qué están haciendo otros países y qué podemos hacer en el Perú?
May 3, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Por: Wilson Hernández Breña. Ya sabemos que la pandemia incrementa el riesgo de violencia contra las mujeres. Antes de que sea tarde, saquemos lecciones de lo que otros países están haciendo para contener y prevenir la violencia, porque este problema no acaba con la cuarentena. Foto: Proyecto CREER. Las violencias contra las mujeres suelen aumentar […]
Events
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Hugo Ñopo will be a speaker at UNDP Peru and MIMP “COVID Scenarios: Women in the workplace, an unequal relationship”
10/07/2020 9:00 am Evento virtual Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher of GRADE, will be a speaker at the dialogue “COVID Scenarios: Women in the workplace, an unequal relationship”, organized by UNDP Peru and the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations of Peru. Comments by Carolina Trivelli, principal investigator of the Institute of Peruvian Studies, and Diana Gutiérrez, manager of the UNDP Global […]
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Wilson Hernández will join a McGill WED Lab panel on Covid-19 and gender-based violence in the Global South
02/07/2020 9:00 am (Perú) Online event Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
COVID-19 has become an unprecedented global crisis. The pandemic and its associated economic crisis have exposed deep structural inequalities around the world, with disproportionate effects on women and girls. This webinar will discuss current issues around COVID-19 and gender based violence for women in the Global South. A diverse panel of experts from the worlds […]
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Lorena Alcazar was a panelist at Gender Matters: COVID-19 and the labour market in the Global South Webinar
28/05/2020 10:00 am - 11:00 am Evento online Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
As with other pandemics in recent history, women are particularly vulnerable. COVID-19 has further aggravated structural inequalities that systematically disadvantage women, specifically in the economic system. Economically, women are disproportionately impacted by the financial effects of the pandemic as the majority work in low-paid or informal jobs with few social protections. Around the globe, 740 […]
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Presentación del libro “Violencias contra las mujeres: la necesidad de un doble plural”
29/11/2019 5:30 pm - 8:00 p.m. Auditorio de GRADE (Av. Almirante Grau 915, Barranco) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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GRADE’s researchers at the 30th Annual CIES Research Seminar
04/11/2019 → 07/11/2019 8:00 am - 6:00 pm Hotel José Antonio Deluxe (Calle Bellavista 133, Miraflores) Rural development and agriculture, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes
Several of our researchers will be presenters and panelists at the 30th Annual Research Seminar of the Consortium of Economic and Social Research (CIES), on November 4-7 . The annual event will address the general topic “Towards the sustainability of development in Peru”. In addition, in this issue, GRADE is coorganizing the research session on youth employment and gender. AGENDA You may […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities