Employment, Productivity and Innovation
The main objective of various projects carried out at GRADE in this area has been to assess the economic impacts of labor legislation and its effects on the hiring of temporary workers, on employment rotation and mobility, or non-salary labor costs and on the demand for formal employment. Additional issues include the insertion of youth in the labor market, self-employment rates, the role of micro and small-scale enterprises in employment generation, and policies for driving innovation in the country.
Senior Researchers
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Juan José Díaz Noziglia
PhD en Economics - University of Maryland
Juan José Díaz has a PhD in Economics from the University of Maryland. He is currently a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His interests include the labor economy and evaluating social, educational, health and development programs.
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Miguel Jaramillo Baanante
PhD en History - University of California
Miguel Jaramillo has a degree in Economics from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He completed his graduate studies in Economics and History at the University of California, where he received a PhD in History. His areas of interests are labor economics, social policy and institutional analysis. He is currently a Senior Researcher at GRADE. […]
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Máximo Torero Cullen (de licencia)
PhD en Economics - University of California, Los Angeles
Maximo received a PhD from the University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Economics and held a postdoctoral fellow position at the UCLA Institute for Social Science Research (ISSR). Currently, he is the Chief Economist of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Prior to joining FAO, he was the World Bank Group Executive Director for […]
External Affiliated Researchers
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Sonia Laszlo
PhD en - University of Toronto
Sonia Laszlo is Associate Professor of Economics and Director of the Institute for the Study of International Development. Her main research areas cover many aspects of applied microeconomic analysis in economic development: rural development, access to markets, and the relationship between income, health and education in economic development. In addition to using traditional analytic tools […]
Visiting Researchers
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Alessandro Goglio
PhD en - Graduate Institute of International Studies
Alessandro is a senior international economist with extensive experience advising governments on long-term reforms, policies, and programs, particularly in the areas of social and labor market reforms. He currently teaches Public Economics at LIUC Università Cattaneo (Castellanza, Italy), School of Economics, following thirty years at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Paris. […]
Publications
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The long-term effect of a job training programme for youths in Peru
2024 Rafael Novella, Juan Jose Diaz, Daniel Rosas-Shady
This paper evaluates the long-term impact of Projoven, a job training programme for vulnerable youths in Peru, on formal labour market outcomes. Covering a 10-year period, this evaluation offers one of the longest evaluations of a training programme in developing countries. Exploiting an experimental design and administrative data, we find that Projoven improved formal employment […]
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Unveiling barriers to women’s access to decent work in Peru.
2024 Lorena Alcazar, Fernando Távara, Shirley Huerta
Peru suffers from a serious gender inequality problem in the labor market that cannot be understood by considering employment rates alone. Rather, it is also necessary to analyze the conditions under which women participate in the labor market. This study seeks to identify economic, legal, and socio-cultural barriers that women face in accessing decent employment. […]
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JournalNorrag Special Issue
Breaking the continuum of socioeconomic inequalities in Peru
2023 Miguel Jaramillo, Maria Balarin
By documenting the links between different forms of vulnerable life trajectories and labor market outcomes, this article highlights the need to include precarious young workers among those targeted for labour market interventions. It also makes a case for such interventions to be tailored to the needs of different groups facing specific barriers to more secure […]
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Abordando los estereotipos de género y políticas públicas para facilitar el acceso a un trabajo decente en las mujeres en el Perú
2023 Lorena Alcazar, Fernando Távara, Shirley Huerta
A pesar de años de esfuerzos promoviendo la igualdad de género y cierto progreso, la desigualdad laboral entre mujeres y hombres persiste en el Perú. En 2022, un equipo de investigadores del PEP (Partnership for Economic Policy) analizó los factores detrás de esta persistente brecha y, más específicamente, las barreras que impiden el acceso de […]
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Nudging microentrepreneurs under fire: Experimental evidence from favelas in Rio de Janeiro
2023 Anna-Katharina Lenz, Martin Valdivia
Do behavioral biases and the distortions generated by the presence of organized crime limit microentrepreneurs’ adoption of growth-oriented business practices? We explore this question in a field experiment with informal microentrepreneurs in which we provide informational visits and text messages about the advantages and convenience of a formalization program. All microentrepreneurs operated in Complexo Maré, […]
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Unveiling barriers to women’s access to decent work in Peru.
2024
Peru suffers from a serious gender inequality problem in the labor market that cannot be understood by considering employment rates alone. Rather, it is also necessary to analyze the conditions under which women participate in the labor market. This study seeks to identify economic, legal, and socio-cultural barriers that women face in accessing decent employment. […]
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Nudging microentrepreneurs under fire: Experimental evidence from favelas in Rio de Janeiro
2023
Do behavioral biases and the distortions generated by the presence of organized crime limit microentrepreneurs’ adoption of growth-oriented business practices? We explore this question in a field experiment with informal microentrepreneurs in which we provide informational visits and text messages about the advantages and convenience of a formalization program. All microentrepreneurs operated in Complexo Maré, […]
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Employment protection legislation and on-the-job training in an informal labor market: evidence from Peru
2022
Training and learning on the job are two critical channels for human capital accumulation during work years. Several studies in developed countries have found that fixed-term contract (FTC) workers receive less training sponsored by their employers than openended contract (OEC) workers do. In contrast, FTC workers participate more actively in informal learning during their job […]
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COVID-19 y las migraciones de la ciudad al campo en el Perú: identificación de amenazas y oportunidades para el uso sostenible del capital natural
2022
El Perú es uno de los países más fuertemente golpeados por la pandemia del COVID-19 en el mundo. El confinamiento nacional obligatorio que empezó a regir a mediados de marzo de 2020 y fue ampliado en varias oportunidades hasta finales de junio del mismo año, trajo como consecuencia la paralización de diversos sectores económicos y […]
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Unpacking the Post-lockdown Employment Recovery of Young Women in the Global South
2021
This paper analyses the difference in short-term employment recovery between young men and women in India, Peru and Vietnam following the national lockdowns imposed in all three countries during 2020. The authors employ a mediation model to establish whether – and to what extent – commonly suggested mechanisms are responsible for a relatively slower recovery among […]
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The long-term effect of a job training programme for youths in Peru
2024
This paper evaluates the long-term impact of Projoven, a job training programme for vulnerable youths in Peru, on formal labour market outcomes. Covering a 10-year period, this evaluation offers one of the longest evaluations of a training programme in developing countries. Exploiting an experimental design and administrative data, we find that Projoven improved formal employment […]
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JournalNorrag Special Issue
Breaking the continuum of socioeconomic inequalities in Peru
2023
By documenting the links between different forms of vulnerable life trajectories and labor market outcomes, this article highlights the need to include precarious young workers among those targeted for labour market interventions. It also makes a case for such interventions to be tailored to the needs of different groups facing specific barriers to more secure […]
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JournalInternational Labour Review
Revisiting the stepping-stone hypothesis: Transitions from temporary to permanent contracts in Peru
2023
This study seeks to gauge the extent to which temporary contracts function as stepping stones to permanent contracts and to distinguish intrafirm from interfirm contract conversions. Using 2012–2016 data from a Peruvian matched employer–employee database, the authors propose several measures of contract conversion and estimate duration models. Their findings show that only 7 per cent […]
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JournalThe Journal of Politics.
Do Political Preferences Affect Policy Learning and Uptake? Evidence from a Field Experiment with Informal Entrepreneurs
2023
We examine whether political preferences affect uptake and learning about government programs in the context of Brazil’s Individual Microentrepreneur Program, which offers subsidized access to social security coverage and business-related incentives. We fielded a randomized intervention that provided one-on-one consultancy and assistance to informal entrepreneurs. Treatment increased formalization rates, but we found only weak evidence […]
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JournalThe European Journal of Development Research
Microcredit Impacts: Evidence from a Large-Scale Observational Study in Brazil
2022
This paper studies the impact of microcredit in Brazil. We use a propensity score matching on original primary data on business and personal outcomes to compare veteran clients of BNDES—Brazil’s largest government-owned development bank—to a matched sample of more recent clients. Based on administrative data as well as data from a survey of 2107 clients […]
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Innovación en el sector público
El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar2022
Innovation processes in the public sector are essential to generate new and improved services or goods, but also to reform and make the delivery process of existing ones more efficient. To this end, the government must be clear about the delivery model for these public services or goods, as well as the distribution of competencies […]
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La protección social en el Perú: estado actual y cómo marchar hacia el acceso universal
El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar2022
En este ensayo se busca resumir el estado de la cuestión sobre la protección social en el Perú, y sugerir algunos campos de acción concretos para avanzar en el diseño de un sistema que cubra a todos los ciudadanos.
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Educación superior, políticas inclusivas y discriminación en el mercado laboral
El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar2022
This essay addresses the issue of productivity from the angle of human capital formation. This study summarizes the advances in access to education and shows the pending task in higher education, and then discusses the role of inclusive policies with the example of Beca 18 in the context of a labor market marked by racial […]
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Radio and video as a means for financial education in rural households in Peru
Information Technologies and Economic Development in Latin America2020
This chapter analyzes the impact of a financial literacy training of a Peruvian microfinance institution, which is delivered by credit officers in monthly sessions with the support of video and radio materials.
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La transición hacia el mercado laboral y los estudios postsecundarios en Perú: evidencia del estudio Niños del Milenio
Millennials en América Latina y el Caribe: ¿trabajar o estudiar?2018
Durante las últimas dos décadas, Perú ha sido uno de los países con mayor crecimiento económico de Latinoamérica, y ha tenido una de las reducciones más importantes en pobreza monetaria, así como mejoras en los niveles de acceso a la educación. Sin embargo, a pesar de estos avances, la calidad de los trabajos a los […]
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Abordando los estereotipos de género y políticas públicas para facilitar el acceso a un trabajo decente en las mujeres en el Perú
2023
A pesar de años de esfuerzos promoviendo la igualdad de género y cierto progreso, la desigualdad laboral entre mujeres y hombres persiste en el Perú. En 2022, un equipo de investigadores del PEP (Partnership for Economic Policy) analizó los factores detrás de esta persistente brecha y, más específicamente, las barreras que impiden el acceso de […]
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Percepciones y expectativas de docentes y familias rurales sobre las escuelas multigrado
2020
El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer las percepciones y expectativas que docentes, madres y padres de familia tienen sobre la escuela rural multigrado. Este trabajo forma parte de un estudio realizado por el proyecto CREER, que será publicado próximamente.
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Covid-19 y el shock externo: Impactos económicos y opciones de política en el Perú
2020
Latinoamérica sufre al momento dos shocks, independientes pero relacionados, el impacto del Covid-19 y el shock de precios de materias primas. Perú es un caso en el que el impacto más fuerte proviene de la epidemia. Perú fue el primer país de América Latina en reaccionar con medidas sanitarias y económicas frente al coronavirus. El […]
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Experiencias de convivencia, matrimonio y maternidad/paternidad en adolescentes y jóvenes peruanos. Policy brief
2019
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Crecimiento y segmentación en el Perú
2015Miguel Jaramillo, ,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar
2022
The essays that make up this book have been written to commemorate the first 40 years of GRADE’s institutional life, which coincides not only with the Bicentennial of Peru’s Independence, but also with the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and its profound economic, social and political consequences. From different conceptual and methodological perspectives, […]
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The dynamics of the Peruvian labor market: job creation and destruction and destruction of jobs and worker flows
2020
Peruvian labor analysis has focused mainly on its static dimension. Thus, the focus has been on indicators such as the number of jobs generated; unemployment, occupation or participation rates; job allocation by sector or formality, of unemployment, occupation or participation; the allocation of work according to sectors or formality condition. These indicators provide a view […]
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Investigación para el desarrollo en el Perú: once balances
2016
Este libro recoge los once balances de investigación presentados en la conferencia Avances Recientes en la Investigación y Políticas para el Desarrollo, organizada en el marco del 35 aniversario del Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE). Los textos de esta publicación buscan continuar satisfaciendo la demanda de conocimiento dirigida a sostener un debate más […]
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Towards an inclusive and sustainable development in Latin America: dialogue between research and public policies
2016
Esta publicación es resultado del seminario internacional Hacia un Desarrollo Inclusivo y Sostenible en América Latina: Diálogos entre Investigación y Políticas Públicas, organizado por el Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) y el Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP), el 25 y 26 de junio de 2014. Representa un esfuerzo de recopilación de lo más relevante y valioso […]
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Hacia un sistema de formación continua de la fuerza laboral en el Perú
2015, Juan Jose Diaz, ,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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¿Reinserción y permanencia en el mercado laboral con equidad de género?: el Servicio Cuidado Diurno en madres jóvenes
2021
Durante las últimas dos décadas, las mujeres peruanas han ganado derechos en diferentes ámbitos de la vida social, política y económica (Benavente y Valdés, 2014; Sara-lafosse, 2009). La inserción de la fuerza laboral femenina representa para ellas un logro en su autonomía económica (Irigaray, 1992; Lupica, 2015). Aquellas que son madres, sin embargo, enfrentan penalizaciones […]
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Habilidades, formación para el trabajo y subempleo juvenil: un enfoque de ciclo de vida
2019
This study uses longitudinal data from the Young Lives study to establish which are the most important aspects that predict access to job formation and the labour market at age 22. Results highlight the role of cognitive skills, socio-emotional competencies, and the socio-economic level of the household to explain access to higher education institutions and […]
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Regulación del mercado laboral en Perú
2004Miguel Jaramillo,
Mimeo preparado para el Proyecto CRECER, USAID.
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Un análisis dinámico del desempleo en el Perú
2000,
En el presente documento precisamente se utilizan herramientas que permiten explorar la naturaleza fundamentalmente dinámica de la tasa de desempleo abierto.
Projects
- Diagnosis and roadmap for strengthening research capabilities and contribution to the productive sector of the Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de MayoloOctober 2024
- Labor Neighbors Resource ToolkitSeptember 2024
- Final Evaluation of the “Project to Improve the Levels of Productive Innovation at the National Level” – FINCYT IIIApril 2024
- Consultancy for the review and update of the availability of human capital for innovation in PeruSeptember 2023
- Consultancy for the review and update of the availability of human capital for innovation in PeruSeptember 2023
- Country Portfolio Evaluation of German Support to Peru between 2010 and 2022May 2023
- Soft skills and the resilience of women microentrepreneurs in PeruApril 2023
- Generating Informality StatisticsAugust 2022
- Identification of barriers to women’s participation in the labor market and policies to address them in PeruMarch 2022
- Shaping the response to COVID-19July 2020
News
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Miguel Jaramillo on “underpaid” workers in the country. Via Gestión
December 4, 2024 Employment, productivity and innovation
According to Miguel Jaramillo, Senior Researcher at GRADE, although in the informal sector almost everyone is underemployed due to income, “both in the formal and informal sectors there may be underemployed”. Read the full article in Diario Gestión for subscribers here.
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Miguel Jaramillo shares his opinion on an eventual increase of the Peruvian minimum wage. Via La República de Colombia
November 4, 2024 Employment, productivity and innovation
“The minimum wage decision is not based on technical and economic grounds, it is a political decision”. Our senior researcher Miguel Jaramillo shares his thoughts on the new proposals for an eventual increase in the Peruvian minimum wage. Read the article on the website of La República de Colombia here.
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Miguel Jaramillo shares his opinion on the increase in public employment. Via Gestión.
October 29, 2024 Employment, productivity and innovation
According to Miguel Jaramillo, Senior Researcher at GRADE, the increase of employment in the public sector “would be correlated to the progress of public investment, but he warned that as a trend ‘it is fatal’ because of its implications on public finances”. Read the full article in Gestión for subscribers here.
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Miguel Jaramillo shares his thoughts on the increase in formal employment. Via Gestión.
October 24, 2024 Employment, productivity and innovation
According to Miguel Jaramillo, Senior Researcher at GRADE, the figures from the Central Reserve Bank “reinforce the idea that the public sector is gaining more weight in spending on salaries, which could have long-term consequences if the private sector does not retake the lead in job creation”. Read the full article in Gestión for subscribers […]
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Miguel Jaramillo shares his thoughts on proposals to reestablish compulsory military service
October 23, 2024 Employment, productivity and innovation
According to Miguel Jaramillo, Senior Researcher at GRADE, bill No. 9166 would not contribute to the labor market nor is it positive for employment, because it would not fullfill its aim of providing training and development opportunities for young people who are neither studying nor working, since”evidence shows that the Army is very attractive to them”. Read the full article by El Comercio here. […]
Events
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Miguel Jaramillo discussed the results of the EDO 2025 Occupational Demand Survey
17/12/2024 Employment, productivity and innovation
“Looking at the data for Metropolitan Lima, since the pre-pandemic until the end of last year, the labor supply of young people has fallen 14%. This is a figure that is only observed in periods of war, not in normal conditions. We have no international experience where the labor supply has fallen so sharply for such […]
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Maria Balarin and Miguel Jaramillo to be panelists at the launch of NORRAG Special Issue 08
29/10/2024 9:00 am (hora Perú) Zoom de NORRAG Employment, productivity and innovation, Poverty and equality
María Balarin and Miguel Jaramillo will be panelists at the launch of the eighth edition of NORRAG Special Issue. This issue will address the current discontinuities between education, training and decent work and how these create and reinforce inequalities for already marginalized groups. Our senior researchers have authored an article that summarizes recent evidence on the trajectories of youth from disvantaged […]
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Miguel Jaramillo and María Balarin join the launching of the Spanish edition of Norrag Special Issue 08: The Education-Training-Work Continuums
30/09/2024 9:00 am Zoom Employment, productivity and innovation
Our Senior Researchers Miguel Jaramillo and Maria Balarin will be panelistas at the launch of the Spanish edition of Norrag Special Issue 08: The education-training-work continuum: pathways for the socio-professional inclusion of youth and adults. Miguel and Maria will share their article documenting the links between different forms of vulnerable life trajectories and labor market […]
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Miguel Jaramillo is a panelist at IPE event on pension reform law
04/04/2024 11:50 am Facebook del IPE Employment, productivity and innovation
What pension reform law do we need? Miguel Jaramillo participates in this event of the Peruvian Institute of Economics (IPE). Our senior researcher will be part of the panel on the changes needed to have a system where more people contribute and have access to better pensions. ON LIVE Join the event on live on […]
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GRADE, PEP and WIEGO held the Decent Work for Women in Peru: Barriers and Policy Options Seminar
01/12/2023 9:00 am - 10:30 am Auditorio de GRADE Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE), Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) and Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO) organize the Decent Work for Women in Peru: Barriers and Policy Options Seminar, as part of a research project led by our Senior Researcher Lorena Alcázar on December 1st at 09:00 a.m., in GRADE’s headquarters. REGISTRATION […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities
