Chávez I., C. (2015). Transformación institucional y movilidad en la universidad peruana: el caso de las universidades gerenciales en sectores emergentes. Lima: PUCP. Departamento de Ciencias Sociales. Cuaderno de Trabajo, 23.

In the last 20 years, the greatest change in higher education institutions in Peru has been the emergence of the private university as a protagonist in the sector. Within the latter, the majority are low-cost business universities, for-profit universities whose promoters are the so-called new entrepreneurs of education (sometimes owners of other pre-schools, schools, technical training centers, etc.), important national and international business corporations and even political leaders affiliated with national political parties. These new universities have developed in a different way from the traditional Peruvian university (Bustamante 1998), developing new institutional models in terms of organization and administration, the organization of the academic community and the mechanisms for student participation within the university community.