Alcázar, L. y Balarin, M. (2022). Los caminos de la exclusión: las transiciones hacia la vida adulta entre jóvenes urbanos vulnerables. En: Balarin, M., Cueto, S. y Fort, R. (Eds.), El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar (pp. 151-173). Lima: GRADE.

This essay details the transitions to adulthood experienced by vulnerable urban youth. This is the most important transition towards productivity improvements, as young people should begin to apply the learning gained from their human capital investments in the labor market. However, one phenomenon limiting this realization is the high proportion of young ninis: neither studying nor working. The authors offer a valuable discussion of the constraints and barriers faced by these young people, and the policies that can be implemented to reverse them.