Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Interns
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Andrea Ulloa del Castillo
Graduated en -
Andrea has completed her studies in Economics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. At GRADE, she works as a Research Intern in the “Balancing work and care: towards a better understanding of gender norms in Peru”.
Publications
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JournalJournal of New Approaches in Educational Research
Design, Validation, and Application of a Questionnaire on Media Education for Teachers in Training
2019 Julio-César Mateus, Wilson Hernández
This article details the process of design, validation and application (N = 501) of an ad-hoc questionnaire that measures Peruvian teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and reasoning in training on media education. With regards to the method, several psychometric validation techniques were applied and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed a high level […]
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JournalSSM Population Health
Exploring the association between segregation and physical intimate partner violence in Lima, Peru: the mediating role of gender norms and social capital
2019 Martín Benavides, Juan Leon, Manuel Etesse, Lucía Espezúa, Jimena Stuart
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been globally recognized as a major public health problem. A growing body of evidence has identified a significant relationship between living in a neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage and experiencing IPV. Considering the increasing rates of poverty and segregation registered in Latin American cities, research on the effects of segregation on […]
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Más allá de los nini. Los jóvenes urbano-vulnerables en el Perú
2018 Lorena Alcazar, Maria Balarin, Cristina Glave, María Fernanda Rodríguez
In recent decades, the term nini – referring to young people who neither study nor work – has become part of academic discussions and debates on what policies should be implemented to address the needs of young people who are vulnerable to social exclusion. However, in a context such as the Peruvian one, in which […]
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JournalAmerican Journal of Political Science
Urbanization Patterns, Information Diffusion, and Female Voting in Rural Paraguay
2019 Alberto Chong, Gianmarco León, Vivian Roza, Martin Valdivia, Gabriela Vega
Researchers use a field experiment to evaluate the impact of two informational get-out-the-vote campaigns to boost female electoral participation in rural areas of Paraguay. They find that public rallies had a small and insignificant effect either on registration or voter turnout in the 2013 presidential elections. Households that received door-to-door canvassing treatment were 4.6 percentage points more likely […]
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Social Interactions and Female Voting in Rural Paraguay: The Role of Urbanization Patterns on the Effectiveness of GOVT Campaigns
2018 Alberto E. Chong, Gianmarco León, Vivian Roza, Martin Valdivia, Gabriela Vega
Los autores utilizan un experimento de campo para evaluar el impacto de dos campañas informativas “sacar el voto” (get-out-the-vote) para impulsar la participación electoral femenina en Paraguay. Encuentran que las campañas públicas no tuvieron ningún efecto ni en la probabilidad de registro ni en la participación de los votantes en las elecciones presidenciales de 2013. […]
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Ethnicity and earnings in urban Peru
2004, Maximo Torero,
The relationship between ethnic exclusion and earnings in Urban Peru. Our approach to the concept of ethnicity involves the usage of instruments in many of its several dimensions: mother tongue, parental background, religion, migration events and race.
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Gender and Racial Discrimination in Hiring: A Pseudo Audit Study for Three Selected Occupations in Metropolitan Lima
2004, Maximo Torero,
In the paper, the authors adapt the audit studies methodology to analyze gender and racial differences in hiring for a particular segment of the market of three selected occupations in Metropolitan Lima: salespersons, secretaries and (accounting and administrative) assistants. The adapted pseudo-audit study methodology allows them to reduce the room for existence of statistical discrimination. […]
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Ethnicity and Earnings in Urban Peru
2004, Maximo Torero,
In this paper the authors study the relationship between ethnic exclusion and earnings in Urban Peru. The authors approach to the concept of ethnicity involves the usage of instruments in many of its several dimensions: mother tongue, parental background, religion, migration events and race. In order to approximate what can be called racial differences in a […]
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Mujer, empleo y pobreza: la experiencia reciente de los países andinos
1999, ,
La contribución del efecto empleo y efecto ingresos al crecimiento del ingreso familiar en los países andinos y la contribución relativa de la mujer a dicho crecimiento, especialmente en los hogares pobres.
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Quienes ganan y quienes pierden con una reforma estructural: cambios en la dispersión de ingresos según educación, experiencia y género en el Perú urbano
1997
Este trabajo apunta a determinar cuáles fueron los grupos perjudicados y cuáles los favorecidos por el ajuste estructural en términos de la evolución de los ingresos reales y los ingresos relativos.
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Projects
News
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Book launch: Grupo Sofía presented “Inequality in academia: women in the Peruvian social sciences”
May 9, 2018 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Grupo Sofía held the launch of its book “Inequality in academia: women in the Peruvian social sciences”, edited by Lorena Alcázar and María Balarin. The book includes chapters of researchers Patricia Ames, Norma Correa, Erika Busse, Roxana Barrantes, Patricia Ruiz-Bravo, Yamilé Guibert, Andrea Román, Aurora Escudero, Karen Espinoza and María Fernanda Rodríguez. They present rigorous evidence, until […]
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María Balarín on the presence and impact of women in science in Peru
April 18, 2018 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
María Balarin, senior researcher at GRADE, Carmen Velezmoro, vice-rector of research at the National Agrarian University La Molina, and Gisella Orjeda, former president of the National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation, discuss the situation of women in science in the Peru and share with the initiative Women Transforming their experience: What macho expressions and attitudes […]
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International Women Day: Only 14 in 249 firms have a woman as a CEO
March 8, 2018 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
According to data gathered by Hugo Ñopo, only 14 in 249 firms listed on the Bolsa de Valores de Lima (Lima Stock Exchange) have a woman as a CEO. However, our senior researcher says in El Comercio: “Although initiatives to change policies assumed by firms are needed, household chores are also important. Typically, of 30 hours of household tasks, women […]
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GRADE among the most influential social policy think tanks worldwide, according to University of Pennsylvania
January 30, 2018 Rural development and agriculture, Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
For the eighth consecutive year, GRADE has been distinguished among the Top Social Policy Think Tanks in the world —29th place—, according to 2017 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report. This study, conducted by the Think Tanks and Civil Society Program at the University of Pennsylvania, classified 7815 organizations around the world in global and regional lists and by […]
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Hugo Ñopo: “Gender equity is not a ‘women issue'”
October 16, 2017 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“It is often wrong to talk about gender as a ‘women issue’. First because equity is a moral issue, and second, for economic reasons. Productivity of the country is going to improve only to the extent that we use the full potential of our human capital”. Read El Comercio‘s interview to our senior researcher, Hugo Ñopo, on gender equity in […]
Events
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International Seminar – Towards 2017 census. Challenges of self identification
21/09/2016 → 22/09/2016 9:00 am - 5:00 pm Meliá Lima Hotel (Av. Salaverry 2599, San Isidro) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
The Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE), the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) and the National Institute of Statistics and Information (INEI) in Peru are jointly organizing the International Seminar – Towards 2017 census. Challenges of self identification, which will be held on September 21st to 22nd, 2016. The event aims to produce knowledge about statistical visibility in […]
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Néstor Valdivia will speak on Afro Peruvians and the ethnic variable inclusion in national censuses
15/06/2016 6:30 pm Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (Arnaldo Márquez 2277, Jesús María) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Hugo Ñopo es expositor en congreso internacional y foro de gestión de diversidad en el empleo público, en Colombia
02/06/2016 → 03/06/2016 8:00 am - 5:00 pm Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Investigadores de GRADE participan en el congreso internacional de la Asociación de Estudios Latinoamericanos LASA 2016
27/05/2016 → 30/05/2016 Nueva York, Estados Unidos Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Magrith Mena participa en el Encuentro Nacional para la Educación de las Niñas y Adolescentes de Áreas Rurales
11/05/2016 2:30 pm - 4:00 pm Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities