Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Interns
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Andrea Ulloa del Castillo
Graduated en -
Andrea has completed her studies in Economics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. At GRADE, she works as a Research Intern in the “Balancing work and care: towards a better understanding of gender norms in Peru”.
Publications
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Breaking the Silence. Why do Young Women in Peru Marry or Cohabit at a Young Age, and What are the Consequences?
Dreaming of a Better Life Child Marriage Through Adolescent Eyes2020 Vanessa Rojas, Francis Bravo, Nikki van der Gaag
On the basis of qualitative data, the chapter shows how different factors lead young women to start cohabitation or marriage before adulthood. Through the experiences of three women who began cohabitation before the age of 18 in Peru, the authors show what life is like for them, the inequities in the power relations they face […]
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Factores asociados a la violencia de pareja contra mujeres: un enfoque departamental desde los patrones de victimización (ENDES 2008-2018)
2019 Wilson Hernández
In Peru, violence against women is a problem of high and persistent prevalence. Despite this, little has been studied in the country and precisely due to two central limitations. On the one hand, research has used aggregated measures contributing to the image of a homogeneous profile’s victim that do not represent the subgroups of women […]
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Violencias contra las Mujeres: La necesidad de un doble plural
2019 Wilson Hernández, César Nureña, Cecilia Caparachín, Jhon Ortega, Rosa Luz Durán, Erika Janos Uribe, Agustín Espinosa, Marieliv Flores, Claudia Serna, Rosa Cueto, Carolina Arrunátegui, Lilian Kanashiro, Lucía Yap, Cecilia Núñez, Manuel Martín, Sydney Silverstein, Rosario Rodríguez, Willy Guevara, Andrea Cabel García, Luis Bustamante Otero, Maribel Arrelucea, Paloma Rodríguez
Peru is among the countries with the greatest violence against women in the world. According to official figures, seven out of ten women in our country have suffered psychological, physical and / or sexual violence from their partner at some time in their life. This proportion conceals a complex reality that needs to be revealed: […]
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Brechas que perduran: una radiografía de la exclusión social en Perú
2019 Lorena Alcazar
Peru achieved many of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) before the 2015 deadline, a sign of the great economic and social advances of recent decades. However, the high levels of heterogeneity that persist in the development indicators show the high inequalities in the country, particularly in relation to traditionally excluded groups such as women, indigenous […]
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Experiencias de convivencia, matrimonio y maternidad/paternidad en adolescentes y jóvenes peruanos. Policy brief
2019 Vanessa Rojas,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Gender and Ethnic Wage Gaps in Guatemala from a Matching Comparisons Perspective
2008,
The paper analyzes gender and ethnic wage gaps in Guatemala for the period 2000-2006, applying a matching comparisons technique, finding pronounced wage gaps along both gender and ethnic dimensions, the latter being greater. Wage gaps in Guatemala are partially explained by differences in human capital characteristics, especially education, between indigenous and non-indigenous and males and […]
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Gender Segregation in the Workplace and Wage Gaps: Evidence from Urban Mexico 1994-2004
2008,
The authors analyzes the evolution of gender segregation in the workplace in Mexico between 1994 and 2004, using a matching comparisons technique to explore the role of individual and family characteristics in determining gender segregation and wage gaps. The results suggest that the complete elimination of hierarchical segregation would reduce the observed gender wage gaps […]
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Etnicidad, antecedentes linguisticos y la salud materno infantil en el Perú
2007Martin Valdivia,
El papel de los antecedentes lingüísticos y la etnicidad como determinantes de las desigualdades en salud materno infantil en el Perú, gracias a los datos sobre la lengua materna de los ancestros de la mujer entrevistada incluidos en la ronda 2005 de la ENDES.
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An Extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition to a Continuum of Comparison Groups
2007,
El artículo propone una extensión de la descomposición Blinder-Oaxaca de dos a un continuo de grupos en comparación. La descomposición propuesta es luego estimada para el caso de las diferencias raciales en los salarios en el Perú urbano, explotando una base de datos novedosa que permite capturar mestizajes.
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The Gender Wage Gap in Chile 1992-2003 from a Matching Comparisons Perspective
2007,
The paper analyzes the evolution of the gender wage gap in Chile during the period 1992 to 2003 using the decomposition approach developed in Ñopo (2004). This approach, which decomposes the wage gap into four additive elements, stresses the need for comparisons inside the common support for the distributions of observable characteristics of individuals. Also, […]
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Projects
News
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Who are the adolescents today in Peru? How they live? What dreams, what plans, what projects do they have for their future? How should we attend and educate this age range? These are questions addressed by Verónica Villaran, Adjunct Researcher at GRADE, from the voices of youth from different regions of the country. Read some of the stories she gathered […]
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Oswaldo Molina highlights Alan Sanchez and Marta Favara findings on the impact of JEC on teenage pregnancy
July 22, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
An op-ed by Oswaldo Molina, director of the Master in Economics at the Universidad del Pacífico, in El Comercio, highlights the findings of Alan Sanchez, Senior Researcher at GRADE and Young Lives Peru, and Marta Favara, Researcher at the University of Oxford, on the impact of the Peruvian extended school-day reform (Jornada Escolar Completa, JEC) on several […]
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Martín Valdivia’s research project on savings and credit groups has been selected by BBVA Edufin Research Grants 2019
June 18, 2019 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
We congratulate Martín Valdivia, Senior Researcher at GRADE, whose research project on the impact of Savings and Credit Groups (GACC) has been one of the five proposals selected by BBVA Edufin Research Grants 2019. The objective of the study is to investigate if the process of peer learning leads to a healthy connection of these populations with […]
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The Consequences of Gender Discrimination in Work and Education in Peru, by Lorena Alcazar
June 5, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
In Peru, gender is one of the main factors contributing to disparities in education and employment. In this new article for Southern Voice, Lorena Alcázar, Senior Researcher at GRADE, outlines the many ways in which young Peruvians struggle to access decent work. Lorena leads Peru’s study case as part of the Southern Voice’s ‘State of […]
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They denounced, but were murdered, by GRADE’s consultant Wilson Hernández
April 29, 2019 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“International evidence shows that the most committed and sensitized police officers are those who best serve women who report violence from their partners”. Our consultant Wilson Hernández shares three key ideas in El Comercio so that previous delations to intimate femicide can be useful: better prepare the police to protect female informers, draw on technological solutions, and apply the risk assessment to those denounced.
Events
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Brazil: Vanessa Rojas was a panelist at a conference on the international policy of children protection
20/05/2019 → 22/05/2019 9:30 am - 1:30 pm Hotel Everest (Rua Prudente de Morais, 1117, Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our adjunct researcher and coordinator of the qualitative component of Young Lives Peru, Vanessa Rojas, was a panelist at the In whose “best interest”? Childhoods, children and the international policy of protection international conference. The event took place from May 20 to 22 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During the seminar, international experts shared their thoughts […]
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Juan José Díaz and Juan León shared the results of the 2nd Experimental Impact Measurement of Sinfonía por el Perú
23/11/2018 Swisshotel (Centro Empresarial Real, Av. Sto. Toribio 173, San Isidro 15073) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes
The results of the II Experimental Impact Measurement of Sinfonía por Peru (A Symphony for Peru) were presented by Juan José Díaz and Juan Leon, senior researchers at GRADE, with the support of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Sinfonía por el Perú is a social and musical education program founded by the lyric singer Juan […]
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Hugo Ñopo will discuss the characteristics and sources of gender gaps in labour markets in Peru, at PUCP
24/08/2018 2:30 pm - 4:00 pm Campus PUCP - Auditorio Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Hugo Ñopo will discuss the main characteristics of gender gaps in labor markets in Peru, as part of the Friday on Economics event series, held by the School of Economics at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Our senior researcher will address the sources of these disparities, with a special focus on stereotypes, education and the […]
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Martín Valdivia will be a panelist at the 2nd Capital Project Colloquium: 10 years linking social protection and financial inclusion
15/08/2018 → 17/08/2018 Exhacienda de Chautla, Puebla, México Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes
Our senior researcher, Martín Valdivia, will join in the 2nd Capital Project Colloquium: 10 years linking social protection and financial inclusion, held by the Secretariat of Social Development of Mexico and Capital Foundation. The event will take place from August 15 to 17, 2018 in Puebla, Mexico. On August 17, Martín will be part of […]
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Alan Sanchez shared Young Lives Peru findings on sexual and reproductive health and teenage pregnancy in a regional forum
19/07/2018 10:20 am - 10:20 am Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our senior researcher, Alan Sánchez, shared findings on sexual and reproductive health and adolescent pregnancy of the longitudinal study Young Lives Peru, as part of the regional forum of the Latin American Consortium Against Unsafe Abortion (CLACAI), titled “Ensuring access to sexual and reproductive health of women and adolescents in situations of high vulnerability”.
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities